Small Virtual Machines: what changed

Revision 1 to 2. Removed lines have a minus sign; added lines have a plus sign.

Old	New		Line
1	1		## Overview
2	2
3	3		Shows how to create small ReactOS and Debian virtual machines using Qemu on Ubuntu, and then compile and run a Free Pascal program.
4	4
5	5		The small virtual machines should serve two purposes:\
6	6		1\) They show how a "standard PC" can be used to run a program. So if you are having problems running the program on your PC you can see how it works on a different PC.\
7	7		2\) If the small VM is easy to download and run then you can simply do that. The LevinUx stuff below shows how easy that could be.
8	8
9	9		## Windows WSL and WSL2
10	10
11	11		[Basic Info](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-win10)
12	12
13	13		Note that at this time hardware and GUI will not work!
14	14
15	15		If upgrade to Win10 Insider Preview can install WSL2: [wsl2 install](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/wsl2-install) but be aware that other virtual machine software (like VMware, Parallels) may no longer work (may eventually work [they are working together](https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/Virtualization/VMware-Workstation-and-Hyper-V-Working-Together/ba-p/825831)).
16	16
17	17		Note that the WSL command may not work in Powershell but might work in Command Prompt. After exit from the terminal (in Linux) do WSL --shutdown to free lots of memory.
18	18
19	19		On July 29, 2019 I've installed Ubuntu 18.04 LTS and Debian (stretch = 9). sudo apt install fpc on Ubuntu gets 3.0.4 whereas the same on Debian only gets 3.0.0 .
20	20
21	21		Optional below for FPC 3.2 Beta:
22	22
23	23		Enter the command below (to determine your CPU type):
24	24
25	25		neofetch (see CPU specs)
26	26
27	27		Next we'll download the appropriate zip file (from [here](https://github.com/LongDirtyAnimAlf/Reiniero-fpcup/releases/)):
28	28
29	29		(need to get appropriate fpcup release for your CPU type below)
30	30
31	31		sudo wget <https://github.com/LongDirtyAnimAlf/Reiniero-fpcup/releases/download/1.6.2v/fpcup-x86_64-linux>
32	32
33	33		sudo chmod 755 fpcup-x86_64-linux
34	34
35	35		sudo apt install subversion zip unzip build-essential libx11-dev
36	36
37	37		sudo ./fpcup-x86_64-linux --fpcurl=<https://svn.freepascal.org/svn/fpc/branches/fixes_3_2> --verbose
38	38
39	39		Can run "./fpc" or "./fp" when done if go to: root/development/fpc/bin/x86_64-linux
40	40
41	41		## Levinux virtual machine
42	42
43	43		Levinux is a small (~20 MB) QEMU download for x86 PCs (Windows, macOS, Linux) that provides a small Tiny Core Linux VM. You can visit the two links below to read more about it, or just follow the simple instructions below (on Windows) to try it out with Free Pascal.\
44		-	~~<http://mikelev.in/ux/>~~
45	44
46		-	~~` `[`http://levinux.com`](http://levinux.com)` (``just`` a 21 page JavaScript slideshow about it)`~~
	45	+	```text
	46	+	http://mikelev.in/ux/
	47	+	http://levinux.com (just a 21 page JavaScript slideshow about it)
	48	+	```
47	49
48	50		Tried on Windows XP in May 2016
49	51
50	52		Go to <https://github.com/miklevin/levinux> and click the Download Zip or Clone or download button near the upper-right corner.
51	53
52	54		Unzip the small (18.6 MB) file levinux-master.zip and run WindowsLevinux.vbs (may need to unblock for the firewall). If you need to learn how to operate things in Windows to do this you might want to read a tutorial that introduces the Pascal programming language, file managers, the command prompt, the Free Pascal compiler, and the minimal files needed to compile a program. The Win32 Hello World Tutorial is available in three formats: [doc](http://turbocontrol.com/Hello%20World%20Tutorial.doc) - [PDF](http://turbocontrol.com/Hello%20World%20Tutorial.pdf) - [web](http://turbocontrol.com/Hello%20World%20Tutorial.htm)
53	55
54	56		Select 2 - Exit to Console then log in (tc and foo, do sudo poweroff later to shut down)
55	57
56	58		Do these steps only if want a simple test\
57	59		See <http://turbocontrol.com/helloworld.htm> if more information is needed.\
58	60		Note that Linux is case sensitive (unlike Windows) so you must type the letters as shown below!\
59	61		In the VM terminal do: (Note that we are renaming the filename by using the capital Oh parameter)\
60	62		wget http://turbocontrol.com/HelloWorld-fpc-2.2.2.i386-linux.tar.gz -O hello.tar.gz\
61	63		tar xzvf hello.tar.gz\
62	64		./ppc386 hello\
63	65		tce-load -wi binutils.tcz\
64	66		./ppc386 hello\
65	67		./hello
66	68
67	69		Do these steps if want a FPC 3.0.0 compiler (doesn't work yet)\
68	70		In the VM terminal do:\
69	71		tce-load -wi svn.tcz\
70	72		tce-load -wi zip-unzip.tcz\
71	73		tce-load -wi compiletc.tcz (larger)\
72	74		wget https://github.com/LongDirtyAnimAlf/Reiniero-fpcup/releases/download/1.4.0k/fpcup-i386-linux?raw=true --no-check-certificate -O fpcup\
73	75		chmod u+rx fpcup\
74	76		./fpcup --verbose Then "y" but this doesn't work
75	77
76	78		I'd like to change levinux to have all the files and tools needed to pull the latest source code and cross-compile FPC (also with Debian instead of Tiny Core?).
77	79
78	80		## ReactOS virtual machine
79	81
80	82		Built (on Ubuntu 16.04 on 1 June 2017) a minimal i386 VM with QEMU with ReactOS 0.4.5.
81	83
82	84		Download [ReactOS-0.4.5-iso.zip](http://sourceforge.net/projects/reactos/files/ReactOS/0.4.5/ReactOS-0.4.5-iso.zip) (103MB)
83	85
84	86		qemu-img create -f qcow2 reactos045.img 8G
85	87
86	88		qemu-system-i386 -enable-kvm -m 512 -hda reactos045.img -cdrom ReactOS-0.4.5.iso -boot d -net nic,model=rtl8139 -net user
87	89
88	90		For the install just press \<Enter\> for everything. When it reboots (twice) don't hit any key so it won't boot from the CD.
89	91
90	92		Shut down ReactOS. The QEMU image file is 349MB.
91	93
92	94		Make a backup copy then restart:
93	95
94	96		qemu-system-i386 -enable-kvm -m 512 -hda reactos045.img -boot c -net nic,model=rtl8139 -net user
95	97
96	98		To see that networking is working, in the VM double-click on the Command Prompt and run ipconfig.
97	99
98	100		As a simple test, install PeaZip (a Lazarus application) from the Application Manager in the Tools section, then in command prompt do:
99	101
100	102		cd \\
101	103
102	104		md test
103	105
104	106		cd test
105	107
106	108		dwnl http://turbocontrol.com/HelloWorld-fpc-2.4.2.i386-win32.zip
107	109
108	110		unzip HelloWorld-fpc-2.4.2.i386-win32.zip
109	111
110	112		ppc386 hello
111	113
112	114		hello
113	115
114	116		On 1 June 2017 I updated text below for the image file name (to reactos045.img) but did not test anything else!
115	117
116	118		Needs more work but getting there! In command prompt do:
117	119
118	120		cd \\
119	121
120	122		md test
121	123
122	124		cd test
123	125
124	126		This whole line is a comment! dwnl http://downloads.sourceforge.net/gnuwin32/wget-1.11.4-1-setup.exe wgetsetup.exe [didn't work](https://www.reactos.org/forum/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=14370)
125	127
126	128		This whole line is a comment! so I download and put here (which does work):
127	129
128	130		dwnl http://turbocontrol.com/wget-1.11.4-1-setup.exe wgetsetup.exe
129	131
130	132		wgetsetup
131	133
132	134		"c:\program files\gnuwin32\bin\wget" https://github.com/LongDirtyAnimAlf/Reiniero-fpcup/releases/download/1.4.0k/fpcup-i386-win32.exe?raw=true --no-check-certificate -O fpcup.exe
133	135
134	136		dir (verify that fpcup.exe is about 1.09 MB)
135	137
136	138		Exit the command prompt, shut down ReactOS, make a backup copy then restart:
137	139
138	140		qemu-system-i386 -enable-kvm -m 512 -hda reactos045.img -boot c -net nic,model=rtl8139 -net user
139	141
140	142		fpcup --verbose then y to continue\
141	143		Stops progressing while compiling jwawindows.pas (with 100% CPU usage, can't Ctrl-C to stop)
142	144
143	145		Ctrl-Alt then stop QEmu, replace with backup copy, restart (with much larger memory):
144	146
145	147		qemu-system-i386 -enable-kvm -m 4000 -hda reactos045.img -boot c -net nic,model=rtl8139 -net user
146	148
147	149		Stops compiling with error, restarted the VM, and did just fpcup several times (no --verbose) and it finished!
148	150
149	151		This works!
150	152
151	153		I used dwnl to download the 6 arm-embedded-*.exe files and ran fpcup to compile for arm-embedded (see the Windows XP VM section below and everything seems to work.
152	154
153	155		Made folder c:\development\cross\bin\arm-embedded and copied 6 files
154	156
155	157		dwnl http://svn2.freepascal.org/svn/fpcbuild/binaries/i386-win32/arm-embedded-ar.exe then similar for other 5 files
156	158
157	159		Did: fpcup --ostarget=embedded --cputarget=arm --subarch=armv7em
158	160
159	161		No, you don't want to use ReactOS for your desktop operating system, but it might be good enough to use for some specific things (like putting in a small VM or in a single-app kiosk or embedded device).
160	162
161	163		## WinXP virtual machine
162	164
163	165		Temporarily I used a 32-bit WinXP VM (3.8GB) on VMware and got this to work for Teensy:
164	166
165	167		- (do this if want trunk Lazarus) Copied in fpcup.exe and ran as (~35 minutes, VM increased to 7.3GB): fpcup --skip=lhelp --fpcURL=trunk --lazURL=trunk
166	168
167	169		- (do this for only FPC) Copied in fpcup.exe and ran as (~11 minutes, VM increased to 5.0GB): fpcup --only=FPC --fpcURL=trunk
168	170
169	171		\- Made folder c:\development\cross\bin\arm-embedded and copied 6 files from [here](http://svn2.freepascal.org/svn/fpcbuild/binaries/i386-win32/)
170	172
171	173		\- Did (~2.5 minutes): fpcup --ostarget=embedded --cputarget=arm --subarch=armv7em --only=FPCCleanOnly,FPCBuildOnly --fpcURL=trunk
172	174
173	175		\- Made folder and copied in [test.pas](http://forum.lazarus.freepascal.org/index.php/topic,28561.msg179240.html#msg179240), ppcrossarm.exe (from c:\development\fpc\compiler), system.o & system.ppu & mk20d7.o & mk20d7.ppu (from c:\development\fpc\units\arm-embedded\rtl), and the as.exe, ld.exe, and objcopy.exe from the arm-embedded folder (and renamed those 3 after copied).
174	176
175	177		\- Get [teensy.exe](https://www.pjrc.com/teensy/loader_xp.html) and copy in.
176	178
177	179		\- Compile: ppcrossarm -Oonostackframe -Parm -Tembedded -Cparmv7em -Wpmk20dx256xxx7 test.pas
178	180
179	181		\- Run teensy.exe and load test.hex
180	182
181	183		\- Repeat the last 2 steps while varying the timing (2666666 to 0666666) to show that you are changing the program!
182	184
183	185		Files released [here](http://turbocontrol.com/simpleteensy.htm)
184	186
185	187		## Debian console virtual machine
186	188
187	189		Built (on Ubuntu 16.04 on 1 Aug. 2017) a minimal i386 VM with QEMU with Debian (new version 9.1 release) stretch.
188	190
189	191		Dowload from [Debian](https://www.debian.org/) debian-9.1.0-i386-netinst.iso (375 MB) and rename to debstr.iso
190	192
191	193		qemu-img create -f qcow2 debstr.img 8G\
192	194		qemu-system-i386 -enable-kvm -m 512 -hda debstr.img -cdrom debstr.iso -boot d
193	195
194	196		Networking worked without having to add other command line parameters! Remove the 3 default software collections (near the end of the install). The QEMU image file is about 1.3 GB.
195	197
196	198		In the VM:\
197	199		add sudo (There are instruction near the bottom of this page: [Control Pascal PicoScope](http://controlpascal.com/picoscope.htm))\
198	200		sudo apt-get clean
199	201
200	202		Do these next steps only if you want to minimize the size of the VM:\
201	203		sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/mytempfile (note that this is very slow as it fills the entire 8G)\
202	204		sudo rm -f /mytempfile\
203	205		sudo halt\
204	206		qemu-img convert -O qcow2 debstr.img debstrnew.img (reduces file to 595 MB)\
205	207		Archive with 7z and the file is now 141 MB. Not very big for a nice new Debian console VM.
206	208
207	209		Make a backup copy then start like this:\
208	210		qemu-system-i386 -enable-kvm -m 512 -hda debstrnew.img -boot c
209	211
210	212		Do these steps only if want a simple test In the VM do (see <http://turbocontrol.com/helloworld.htm> if needed):\
211	213		wget http://turbocontrol.com/HelloWorld-fpc-2.2.2.i386-linux.tar.gz\
212	214		tar xzvf HelloWorld-fpc-2.2.2.i386-linux.tar.gz\
213	215		./ppc386 hello\
214	216		sudo apt-get install binutils\
215	217		./ppc386 hello\
216	218		./hello
217	219
218	220		Do these steps if want a trunk FPC and then arm-embedded for Teensy In the VM do:\
219	221		sudo apt-get install build-essential subversion unzip\
220	222		wget https://github.com/LongDirtyAnimAlf/Reiniero-fpcup/releases/download/1.4.0k/fpcup-i386-linux?raw=true --no-check-certificate -O fpcup\
221	223		chmod u+rx fpcup\
222	224		./fpcup --fpcURL=trunk --only=FPC This works!\
223	225		sudo apt-get install binutils-arm-none-eabi\
224	226		./fpcup --ostarget=embedded --cputarget=arm --subarch=armv7em --only=FPCCleanOnly,FPCBuildOnly --fpcURL=trunk\
225	227		The above (for Teensy) does work!\
226	228		Need to find out how to copy files out of VM.
227	229
228	230		## Debian LXDE virtual machine
229	231
230	232		Built (21 Sept. 2015 on Ubuntu 14.04) a minimal i386 VM with QEMU with Debian.
231	233
232	234		Dowload from [Debian](https://www.debian.org/) debian-8.2.0-i386-netinst.iso (315 MB) and rename to debjes.iso
233	235
234	236		qemu-img create -f qcow2 debjes.img 8G\
235	237		qemu-system-i386 -enable-kvm -m 512 -hda debjes.img -cdrom debjes.iso -boot d\
236	238		Networking worked without having to add other command line parameters!
237	239
238	240		For the software collections screen:\
239	241		Remove Debian desktop environment\
240	242		Remove print server\
241	243		Add LXDE\
242	244		Leave (keep) standard system utilities\
243	245		When the VM restarts close the qemu window rather that restarting the install. The QEMU image file is now 4.0 GB.
244	246
245	247		Make a backup copy then start like this:\
246	248		qemu-system-i386 -enable-kvm -m 512 -hda debjesnew.img -boot c -net nic -net user\
247	249		In the VM in a (user) terminal:\
248	250		su (and password for root)\
249	251		adduser \<user name\> sudo\
250	252		exit (exit su)\
251	253		exit (exit user and terminal)\
252	254		logout and login again
253	255
254	256		Reboot and choose recovery then enter root password:\
255	257		apt-get clean\
256	258		dd if=/dev/zero of=/mytempfile (note that this is very slow as it fills the entire 8G)\
257	259		rm -f /mytempfile\
258	260		halt
259	261
260	262		After this the new img file is 2.9 GB:\
261	263		qemu-img convert -O qcow2 debjes.img debjesnew.img
262	264
263	265		Archive with 7z and the file is now 733 MB. Not very big for a nice new Debian LXDE VM.
264	266
265	267		Make a backup copy then start like this:\
266	268		qemu-system-i386 -enable-kvm -m 512 -hda debjesnew.img -boot c -net nic -net user\
267	269		In the VM in a (user) terminal:\
268	270		sudo apt-get install build-essential mingw32-binutils subversion unzip libgtk2.0-dev\
269	271		cd Downloads\
270	272		wget https://github.com/LongDirtyAnimAlf/Reiniero-fpcup/releases/download/1.4.0k/fpcup-i386-linux?raw=true --no-check-certificate -O fpcup\
271	273		chmod u+rx fpcup
272	274
273	275		./fpcup --skip=lhelp --verbose then y to continue\
274	276		This works! Other things (Teensy and Android [[http://forum.lazarus.freepascal.org/index.php/topic,29605.msg187827.html\|http://forum.lazarus.freepascal.org/index.php/topic,29605.msg187827.html#msg187827]]) to be continued ASAP!
275	277
276	278		## Notes
277	279
278	280		On 32-bit Debian kvm runs qemu-system-x86_64 so get 64-bit which don't want. So changed all of the above calls to qemu-system-i386 -enable-kvm which still runs fast (due to kvm). If your linux system doesn't have kvm then you may need to leave -enable-kvm off.
279	281
280	282		On qemu-img create the 2G could be larger but then on linux it will be much slower to minimize the size. Any suggestions? (Look at zerofree and also consider wear on SD card)
281	283
282	284		## To do
283	285
284	286		Add instructions on how to do this on Windows (not just Ubuntu)?
285	287
286	288		[Original forum message](http://forum.lazarus.freepascal.org/index.php/topic,26315.0.html) where this got started.
287	289
288	290		Add instructions for macOS per discussion there?
289	291
290	292		## Further Reading
291	293
292	294		What is the most simple way to compile an ARM Embedded compiler for Teensy? See [this forum message](http://forum.lazarus.freepascal.org/index.php/topic,28561.msg178816.html) for more details on Teensy.
293	295
294	296		Use [[fpcup]]?
295	297
296	298		## See also
297	299
298	300		- [[ReactOS]]
299	301		- [[Qemu and other emulators]]
300	302		- [[TARGET Embedded]]
301	303		- [[Control Pascal Tutorial]] - where we hope this stuff ends up being used
302	304		- [[Docker Containerization]]
303	305
304	306		---
305	307		From the Free Pascal wiki, page "Small Virtual Machines", as it stood on 2020-10-14 after a change by Trev, out of the wiki's dump of 2024-05-26. Copyright stays with the author who wrote it, according to the old wiki's [[Licensing]] page. If you have concerns about this material, [message the admin](/wiki-contact).
306	308		Category: FPC

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