Setup Cross Compile For ARM: what changed

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Title: Setup Cross Compile For ARM

New		Line
1	+	## How To setup Lazarus/FPC for arm-linux cross compiling.
2	+
3	+	With this tutorial you can make a binary file that runs on arm-linux devices. This is tested with a Nokia N900 with "[Maemo 5 OS](http://maemo.org/)" (the gnu/linux Debian based OS, developed by [Nokia](http://maemo.nokia.com/videos/introducing-maemo-5/). It is an arm-linux device that runs GTK2 and QT4.6).
4	+
5	+	If you need a simple "command prompt"/"terminal" program, after #FPC for ARM section skip to #APPENDIX A: Testing console programs.
6	+
7	+	NOTE 1: All procedures are tested on a Virtual Machine with Ubuntu 9.10 - x86 with Windows 7 as host and VirtualBox 3.0.12 as virtual machine. It is a fresh install, with all updates up to date.
8	+
9	+	NOTE 2: Replace every /home/user/ with your real user path. All other paths are simply for explanation. If you use "[Maemo SDK Virtual Image](http://maemovmware.garage.maemo.org/2nd_edition/)", replace every /home/user/ with /home/maemo/
10	+
11	+	## Automated Script
12	+
13	+	The previously provided scripts are obsolete. Please see [HERE](http://wiki.lazarus.freepascal.org/Lazarus_Manager) (see discussion page for alternative.
14	+
15	+	## Generic things to do
16	+
17	+	> Warning: These instructions are quite old - they refer to 2.2.4 while the current (December 2013) stable FPC is 2.6.2. Please adjust as you follow these and update the page. Thanks.
18	+
19	+	### Downloads
20	+
21	+	- any starting compiler from the 2.2.4 branch (e.g. fpc-2.2.4-20091214.i386.rpm) from [HERE](http://www.hu.freepascal.org/lazarus) or [HERE](http://snapshots.lazarus.shikami.org/)). It is needed to compile \>= 2.2.4 fpc sources
22	+	- latest binutils.tar.gz (e.g. binutils-2.20.tar.gz) from [HERE](http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/binutils/)
23	+	- latest [fpc.zip](http://ftp//ftp.freepascal.org/pub/fpc/snapshot/trunk/source/fpc.zip) from [HERE](http://www.freepascal.org/develop.var)
24	+	- latest Lazarus source zip (e.g. lazarus-0.9.29-23129-20091214-src.zip) from [HERE](http://www.hu.freepascal.org/lazarus) or [HERE](http://snapshots.lazarus.shikami.org/) (faster for me)
25	+	- target libs (You can grab from SDK or from arm-device. See "#APPENDIX A: Testing console programs")
26	+
27	+	### Unpack/copy all files in the respective directories
28	+
29	+	FPC 2.2.4 installer:
30	+
31	+	`~/fpc_tools/fpc_2.2.4/fpc-2.2.4-20091214.i386.rpm`
32	+
33	+	Binutils sources:
34	+
35	+	`~/fpc_tools/binutils-2.20/`
36	+
37	+	Lazarus sources:
38	+
39	+	`~/lazarus/`
40	+
41	+	FPC 2.5.1 sources:
42	+
43	+	`~/lazarus/fpc/2.5.1/`
44	+
45	+	### Prepare Target Libs
46	+
47	+	- See "#APPENDIX A: Testing console programs" to know how/where to find target libs
48	+	- Copy all target libs to ~/lazarus/fpc/libcross
49	+
50	+	### Install dependencies
51	+
52	+	``` bash
53	+	sudo apt-get install -y alien libncurses5-dev libXp-dev libgtk2.0-dev
54	+	```
55	+
56	+	## Install & Configure Binutils
57	+
58	+	### Compile binutils for arm-linux
59	+
60	+	- If not already done, extract binutils-2.20.tar.gz in ~/fpc_tools/binutils-2.20
61	+	- Then type:
62	+
63	+	``` bash
64	+	cd ~/fpc_tools/binutils-2.20
65	+	./configure --target=arm-linux --disable-werror
66	+	make
67	+	sudo make install
68	+	mkdir ~/lazarus/fpc/binutils
69	+	ln -s /usr/local/bin/arm-linux-ar ~/lazarus/fpc/binutils/ar
70	+	ln -s /usr/local/bin/arm-linux-ld ~/lazarus/fpc/binutils/ld
71	+	sudo mv /usr/local/bin/arm-linux-as /usr/local/bin/arm-linux-as_org
72	+
73	+	sudo gedit /usr/local/bin/arm-linux-as
74	+	```
75	+
76	+	- Paste:
77	+
78	+	``` bash
79	+	#!/bin/sh
80	+	/usr/local/bin/arm-linux-as_org -meabi=5 $@
81	+	```
82	+
83	+	NOTE: option -meabi=5 force assembler to make binary eabi v5 compatible. E.g. if you need eabi v4 you will change it in -meabi=4.
84	+
85	+	- Save and close gedit
86	+	- Type:
87	+
88	+	``` bash
89	+	sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/arm-linux-as
90	+	ln -s /usr/local/bin/arm-linux-as ~/lazarus/fpc/binutils/as
91	+	```
92	+
93	+	## FPC
94	+
95	+	### Install precompiled fpc 2.2.4 branch
96	+
97	+	REMEMBER TO CHANGE EVERY/home/user/WITH YOUR OWN USER PATH!
98	+
99	+	- Type:
100	+
101	+	``` bash
102	+	sudo alien -i -c /home/user/fpc_tools/fpc_2.2.4/fpc-2.2.4-20091214.i386.rpm
103	+	```
104	+
105	+	- Be sure that ppc386 is right installed, type:
106	+
107	+	``` bash
108	+	which ppc386
109	+	```
110	+
111	+	if ppc386 is in the path it returns the path (e.g. /usr/bin/ppc386)
112	+
113	+	### Compile FPC from sources
114	+
115	+	- Type:
116	+
117	+	``` bash
118	+	cd ~/lazarus/fpc/2.5.1
119	+	make all OPT='-gl -O3p3' PP=/usr/bin/ppc386 (add NOGDB=1 at the end if asked)
120	+	sudo make install PP=/usr/bin/ppc386 PREFIX=/usr/ (add NOGDB=1 at the end if asked)
121	+	sudo rm /usr/bin/ppc386
122	+	sudo ln -s /usr/lib/fpc/2.5.1/ppc386 /usr/bin/ppc386
123	+	sudo mkdir /usr/share/fpcsrc/
124	+	sudo ln -sf ~/lazarus/fpc/2.5.1/ /usr/share/fpcsrc/
125	+	sudo /usr/lib/fpc/2.5.1/samplecfg /usr/lib/fpc/2.5.1/ /etc
126	+	```
127	+
128	+	## FPC for ARM
129	+
130	+	### Make FPC able to cross compile for arm-linux
131	+
132	+	- Type:
133	+
134	+	``` bash
135	+	cd ~/lazarus/fpc/2.5.1/
136	+	sudo make crossinstall CPU_TARGET=arm OS_TARGET=linux CROSSBINDIR=/home/user/lazarus/fpc/binutils/ OPT=-dFPC_ARMEL INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr
137	+	```
138	+
139	+	### Create custom fpc.cfg
140	+
141	+	REMEMBER TO CHANGE EVERY/home/user/WITH YOUR OWN USER PATH!
142	+
143	+	- Type:
144	+
145	+	``` bash
146	+	gedit ~/.fpc.cfg
147	+	```
148	+
149	+	- Paste in ~/.fpc.cfg:
150	+
151	+	#INCLUDE /etc/fpc.cfg
152	+	#IFDEF CPUARM
153	+	-Fu/usr/lib/fpc/2.5.1/units/$fpctarget/*
154	+	-Fl/usr/lib/fpc/2.5.1/units/$fpctarget/rtl/
155	+	-XP/home/user/lazarus/fpc/binutils/
156	+	-Xr/usr/lib/fpc/2.5.1/units/arm-linux/rtl/
157	+	-Xr/home/user/lazarus/fpc/libcross
158	+	-XR/home/user/lazarus/fpc/
159	+	-darm
160	+	-Tlinux
161	+	#ENDIF
162	+
163	+	- save and close gedit
164	+	- Type:
165	+
166	+	``` bash
167	+	sudo ln -sf /usr/lib/fpc/2.5.1/ppcrossarm /usr/local/bin/ppcarm
168	+	```
169	+
170	+	## Lazarus
171	+
172	+	If you don't need graphical programs, you can skip this section and go directly to #Appendix B: Target libs
173	+
174	+	### Compile Lazarus
175	+
176	+	- Type:
177	+
178	+	``` bash
179	+	cd ~/lazarus
180	+	make clean all
181	+	```
182	+
183	+	### Start Lazarus
184	+
185	+	- Start Lazarus to see that everything is ok and then to compile LCL and Package Registration
186	+	- Type:
187	+
188	+	``` bash
189	+	./lazarus
190	+	```
191	+
192	+	### Configure Lazarus for cross Compile
193	+
194	+	- Now you must cross compile the LCL and Package Registration, this part comes from [HERE](http://wiki.lazarus.freepascal.org/Cross_compiling#Cross_compiling_the_LCL).
195	+	- From the IDE:
196	+	1. In Tools -\> Options -\> Environment -\> Files, set the Compiler path to the path to fpc. Normally this is already done.
197	+	2. Then open Tools / Configure Build Lazarus / Advanced Build Options.
198	+	3. Set Target OS as linux and Target CPU as arm.
199	+	4. Set LCL and Package registration to Build (the middle radio button) and all other to None (left radio buttons).
200	+	5. Click the Build button.
201	+
202	+	## Make your first arm-linux project in Lazarus
203	+
204	+	### New Project
205	+
206	+	- Start new project as application
207	+	- Put some component in main form to test (like button, memo and few other things)
208	+
209	+	### Set Targets
210	+
211	+	- From the IDE:
212	+	1. Set in Project / Compiler Options / Code generation / Target OS (-T): Linux
213	+	2. Set in Project / Compiler Options / Code generation / Target CPU family (-P): arm
214	+	3. Set in Project / Compiler Options / Other / Custom Option: enter -XParm-linux- into textbox
215	+
216	+	### Add target libs to your project
217	+
218	+	REMEMBER TO CHANGE EVERY/home/user/WITH YOUR OWN USER PATH!
219	+
220	+	- From the IDE:
221	+	1. Set in Project / Compiler Options / Linking / Options (-k): -L/home/user/lazarus/fpc/libcross
222	+	2. Set in Project / Compiler Options / Compilation / Execute after / Command: arm-linux-strip -s /path/to/your/project/binary (where "binary" is the executable builded with Lazarus)
223	+
224	+	### Build Project
225	+
226	+	- Build Project as normal:
227	+	1. Hit keys Ctrl+F9
228	+	2. Run / Build
229	+
230	+	### Time to run
231	+
232	+	- Transfer the binary of your project on device
233	+	- Generally you must give executable permission to the binary directly on the device. If you work in terminal type:
234	+
235	+	``` bash
236	+	chmod +x /path/where/is/YourProject
237	+	./path/where/is/YourProject
238	+	```
239	+
240	+	<figure>
241	+	<img src="Kjow_hello-world.png" title="e.g. Maemo 5 running Lazarus graphical demo." width="300" />
242	+	<figcaption>e.g. Maemo 5 running Lazarus graphical demo.</figcaption>
243	+	</figure>
244	+
245	+	## APPENDIX A: Testing console programs
246	+
247	+	### Create a TestARM.pas
248	+
249	+	- Type:
250	+
251	+	``` bash
252	+	mkdir ~/dev/TestARM/
253	+	gedit ~/dev/TestARM/TestARM.pas
254	+	```
255	+
256	+	- Paste this code:
257	+
258	+	``` pascal
259	+	program test;
260	+	begin
261	+	writeln('DATE ',{$i %DATE%});
262	+	writeln('FPCTARGET ',{$i %FPCTARGET%});
263	+	writeln('FPCTARGETCPU ',{$i %FPCTARGETCPU%});
264	+	writeln('FPCTARGETOS ',{$i %FPCTARGETOS%});
265	+	writeln('FPCVERSION ',{$i %FPCVERSION%});
266	+	end.
267	+	```
268	+
269	+	- Type:
270	+
271	+	``` bash
272	+	cd ~/dev/TestARM/
273	+	fpc -Tlinux -Parm -XParm-linux- TestARM.pas
274	+	```
275	+
276	+	### Time to run
277	+
278	+	- Transfer TestARM on device
279	+	- Generally you must give executable permission to TestARM directly on the device:
280	+
281	+	``` bash
282	+	chmod +x /path/where/is/TestAMR
283	+	./path/where/is/TestAMR
284	+	```
285	+
286	+	## Appendix B: Target libs
287	+
288	+	You need target libs to assemble and link binary file. You can find them into the SDK of your device or into the device itself.
289	+
290	+	E.g. for Nokia N900 you need to copy /lib/* and /usr/lib/* (no subdirs needed) that are present in the Nokia N900 root and you must merge all files to ~/lazarus/fpc/libcross/\
291	+	Finally, you need to rename each library not found by linker (ld) to the file name searched by linker itself.\
292	+	E.g. if you got this error
293	+
294	+	`libX11.so not found (or incompatible)`
295	+
296	+	and you have a file called libX11.so.6.2.0, then you need to rename it into libX11.so
297	+
298	+	## See also
299	+
300	+	- [[Android]] Article on setting up cross-compiling on Windows for Android on ARM
301	+	- [[Cross compiling]] for cross compiling from Linux, macOS and Windows along with other useful cross-compilation information.
302	+
303	+	---
304	+	From the Free Pascal wiki, page "Setup Cross Compile For ARM", as it stood on 2020-11-26 after a change by Trev, out of the wiki's dump of 2024-05-26. Copyright stays with the author who wrote it, according to the old wiki's [[Licensing]] page. If you have concerns about this material, [message the admin](/wiki-contact).

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