Setup Cross Compile For ARM/es: what changed

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Title: Setup Cross Compile For ARM/es

New		Line
1	+	## Como configurar Lazarus/FPC para compilación cruzada para arm-linux.
2	+
3	+	Con este tutorial puedes generar un fichero binario que corre en dispositivos arm-linux. Se ha testeado con un Nokia N900 con "[Maemo 5 OS](http://maemo.org/)" (the gnu/linux Debian based OS, developed by [Nokia](http://maemo.nokia.com/videos/introducing-maemo-5/). Es un dispositivo arm-linux que funciona con GTK2 y QT4.6).
4	+
5	+	Si lo que necesitas es un simple programa del tipo "command prompt"/"terminal", entonces de la sección #FPC for ARMve a Testeando programas de consola.
6	+
7	+	NOTA 1: Todos los procedimientos se han testeado en una Máquina Virtual con [[http://www.ubuntu.com/ Ubuntu 9.10 - x86]] de sistema huesped, con Windows 7 como host (o máquina albergadora) y [[http://www.virtualbox.org/ VirtualBox 3.0.12]] como aplicación de virtualización (hypervisor). Es una instalación limpia, con todas las actualizaciones al día.
8	+
9	+	NOTA 2: Reemplazar cada /home/user/ con tu trayectoria real de usuario. Todas las demás trayectorias se ponen simplemente como explicación. Si utilizas "[Maemo SDK Virtual Image](http://maemovmware.garage.maemo.org/2nd_edition/)", reemplaza cada /home/user/ con /home/maemo/
10	+
11	+	## Script automatizado
12	+
13	+	Los scripts aportados anteriormente son obsoletos. Por favor mira [aquí](http://wiki.lazarus.freepascal.org/Lazarus_Manager) (ver en pagina de discusión para alternativas).
14	+
15	+	## Cosas genéricas por hacer
16	+
17	+	> Warning: Estas instrucciones son bastante antiguas - hacen referencia a la versión 2.2.4, a fecha de escribir este artículo es diciembre de 2013 con stable FPC is 2.6.2 y de esta traducción 2016 (ya con la 3.0.0) . Por favor ajustar para seguir esto y actualizar la página. Gracias.
18	+
19	+	### Descargas
20	+
21	+	- any starting compiler from the 2.2.4 branch (e.g. fpc-2.2.4-20091214.i386.rpm) from [HERE](http://www.hu.freepascal.org/lazarus) or [HERE](http://snapshots.lazarus.shikami.org/)). It is needed to compile \>= 2.2.4 fpc sources
22	+	- latest binutils.tar.gz (e.g. binutils-2.20.tar.gz) from [HERE](http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/binutils/)
23	+	- latest [fpc.zip](http://ftp//ftp.freepascal.org/pub/fpc/snapshot/trunk/source/fpc.zip) from [HERE](http://www.freepascal.org/develop.var)
24	+	- latest Lazarus source zip (e.g. lazarus-0.9.29-23129-20091214-src.zip) from [HERE](http://www.hu.freepascal.org/lazarus) or [HERE](http://snapshots.lazarus.shikami.org/) (faster for me)
25	+	- target libs (You can grab from SDK or from arm-device. See "#APPENDIX A: Testing console programs")
26	+
27	+	### Unpack/copy all files in the respective directories
28	+
29	+	FPC 2.2.4 installer:
30	+
31	+	`~/fpc_tools/fpc_2.2.4/fpc-2.2.4-20091214.i386.rpm`
32	+
33	+	Binutils sources:
34	+
35	+	`~/fpc_tools/binutils-2.20/`
36	+
37	+	Lazarus sources:
38	+
39	+	`~/lazarus/`
40	+
41	+	FPC 2.5.1 sources:
42	+
43	+	`~/lazarus/fpc/2.5.1/`
44	+
45	+	### Prepare Target Libs
46	+
47	+	- See "#APPENDIX A: Testing console programs" to know how/where to find target libs
48	+	- Copy all target libs to ~/lazarus/fpc/libcross
49	+
50	+	### Install dependencies
51	+
52	+	``` bash
53	+	sudo apt-get install -y alien libncurses5-dev libXp-dev libgtk2.0-dev
54	+	```
55	+
56	+	## Install & Configure Binutils
57	+
58	+	### Compile binutils for arm-linux
59	+
60	+	- If not already done, extract binutils-2.20.tar.gz in ~/fpc_tools/binutils-2.20
61	+	- Then type:
62	+
63	+	``` bash
64	+	cd ~/fpc_tools/binutils-2.20
65	+	./configure --target=arm-linux --disable-werror
66	+	make
67	+	sudo make install
68	+	mkdir ~/lazarus/fpc/binutils
69	+	ln -s /usr/local/bin/arm-linux-ar ~/lazarus/fpc/binutils/ar
70	+	ln -s /usr/local/bin/arm-linux-ld ~/lazarus/fpc/binutils/ld
71	+	sudo mv /usr/local/bin/arm-linux-as /usr/local/bin/arm-linux-as_org
72	+
73	+	sudo gedit /usr/local/bin/arm-linux-as
74	+	```
75	+
76	+	- Paste:
77	+
78	+	``` bash
79	+	#!/bin/sh
80	+	/usr/local/bin/arm-linux-as_org -meabi=5 $@
81	+	```
82	+
83	+	NOTE: option -meabi=5 force assembler to make binary eabi v5 compatible. E.g. if you need eabi v4 you will change it in -meabi=4.
84	+
85	+	- Save and close gedit
86	+	- Type:
87	+
88	+	``` bash
89	+	sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/arm-linux-as
90	+	ln -s /usr/local/bin/arm-linux-as ~/lazarus/fpc/binutils/as
91	+	```
92	+
93	+	## FPC
94	+
95	+	### Install precompiled fpc 2.2.4 branch
96	+
97	+	REMEMBER TO CHANGE EVERY/home/user/WITH YOUR OWN USER PATH!
98	+
99	+	- Type:
100	+
101	+	``` bash
102	+	sudo alien -i -c /home/user/fpc_tools/fpc_2.2.4/fpc-2.2.4-20091214.i386.rpm
103	+	```
104	+
105	+	- Be sure that ppc386 is right installed, type:
106	+
107	+	``` bash
108	+	which ppc386
109	+	```
110	+
111	+	if ppc386 is in the path it returns the path (e.g. /usr/bin/ppc386)
112	+
113	+	### Compile FPC from sources
114	+
115	+	- Type:
116	+
117	+	``` bash
118	+	cd ~/lazarus/fpc/2.5.1
119	+	make all OPT='-gl -O3p3' PP=/usr/bin/ppc386 (add NOGDB=1 at the end if asked)
120	+	sudo make install PP=/usr/bin/ppc386 PREFIX=/usr/ (add NOGDB=1 at the end if asked)
121	+	sudo rm /usr/bin/ppc386
122	+	sudo ln -s /usr/lib/fpc/2.5.1/ppc386 /usr/bin/ppc386
123	+	sudo mkdir /usr/share/fpcsrc/
124	+	sudo ln -sf ~/lazarus/fpc/2.5.1/ /usr/share/fpcsrc/
125	+	sudo /usr/lib/fpc/2.5.1/samplecfg /usr/lib/fpc/2.5.1/ /etc
126	+	```
127	+
128	+	## FPC for ARM
129	+
130	+	### Make FPC able to cross compile for arm-linux
131	+
132	+	- Type:
133	+
134	+	``` bash
135	+	cd ~/lazarus/fpc/2.5.1/
136	+	sudo make crossinstall CPU_TARGET=arm OS_TARGET=linux CROSSBINDIR=/home/user/lazarus/fpc/binutils/ OPT=-dFPC_ARMEL INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr
137	+	```
138	+
139	+	### Create custom fpc.cfg
140	+
141	+	REMEMBER TO CHANGE EVERY/home/user/WITH YOUR OWN USER PATH!
142	+
143	+	- Type:
144	+
145	+	``` bash
146	+	gedit ~/.fpc.cfg
147	+	```
148	+
149	+	- Paste in ~/.fpc.cfg:
150	+
151	+	#INCLUDE /etc/fpc.cfg
152	+	#DEFINE DEMOTEST
153	+	#DEFINE DEMOTEST1
154	+	#DEFINE LAZARUS
155	+
156	+	-Fu/usr/lib/fpc/2.5.1/units/$fpctarget/*
157	+	-Fl/usr/lib/fpc/2.5.1/units/$fpctarget/rtl/
158	+
159	+	-a
160	+	-Sd
161	+	-Xd
162	+	-Xs
163	+
164	+	-O-
165	+
166	+	#IFDEF CPUARM
167	+	-XP/home/user/lazarus/fpc/binutils/
168	+	-Xr/usr/lib/fpc/2.5.1/units/arm-linux/rtl/
169	+	-Xr/home/user/lazarus/fpc/libcross
170	+	-XR/home/user/lazarus/fpc/
171	+	-darm
172	+	-Tlinux
173	+	#ENDIF
174	+
175	+	- save and close gedit
176	+	- Type:
177	+
178	+	``` bash
179	+	sudo ln -sf /usr/lib/fpc/2.5.1/ppcrossarm /usr/local/bin/ppcarm
180	+	```
181	+
182	+	## Lazarus
183	+
184	+	If you don't need graphical programs, you can skip this section and go directly to #Appendix B: Target libs
185	+
186	+	### Compile Lazarus
187	+
188	+	- Type:
189	+
190	+	``` bash
191	+	cd ~/lazarus
192	+	make clean all
193	+	```
194	+
195	+	### Start Lazarus
196	+
197	+	- Start Lazarus to see that everything is ok and then to compile LCL and Package Registration
198	+	- Type:
199	+
200	+	``` bash
201	+	./lazarus
202	+	```
203	+
204	+	### Configure Lazarus for cross Compile
205	+
206	+	- Now you must cross compile the LCL and Package Registration, this part comes from [HERE](http://wiki.lazarus.freepascal.org/Cross_compiling#Cross_compiling_the_LCL).
207	+	- From the IDE:
208	+	1. In Tools -\> Options -\> Environment -\> Files, set the Compiler path to the path to fpc. Normally this is already done.
209	+	2. Then open Tools / Configure Build Lazarus / Advanced Build Options.
210	+	3. Set Target OS as linux and Target CPU as arm.
211	+	4. Set LCL and Package registration to Build (the middle radio button) and all other to None (left radio buttons).
212	+	5. Click the Build button.
213	+
214	+	## Make your first arm-linux project in Lazarus
215	+
216	+	### New Project
217	+
218	+	- Start new project as application
219	+	- Put some component in main form to test (like button, memo and few other things)
220	+
221	+	### Set Targets
222	+
223	+	- From the IDE:
224	+	1. Set in Project / Compiler Options / Code generation / Target OS (-T): Linux
225	+	2. Set in Project / Compiler Options / Code generation / Target CPU family (-P): arm
226	+	3. Set in Project / Compiler Options / Other / Custom Option: enter -XParm-linux- into textbox
227	+
228	+	### Add target libs to your project
229	+
230	+	REMEMBER TO CHANGE EVERY/home/user/WITH YOUR OWN USER PATH!
231	+
232	+	- From the IDE:
233	+	1. Set in Project / Compiler Options / Linking / Options (-k): -L/home/user/lazarus/fpc/libcross
234	+	2. Set in Project / Compiler Options / Compilation / Execute after / Command: arm-linux-strip -s /path/to/your/project/binary (where "binary" is the executable builded with Lazarus)
235	+
236	+	### Build Project
237	+
238	+	- Build Project as normal:
239	+	1. Hit keys Ctrl+F9
240	+	2. Run / Build
241	+
242	+	### Time to run
243	+
244	+	- Transfer the binary of your project on device
245	+	- Generally you must give executable permission to the binary directly on the device. If you work in terminal type:
246	+
247	+	``` bash
248	+	chmod +x /path/where/is/YourProject
249	+	./path/where/is/YourProject
250	+	```
251	+
252	+	<figure>
253	+	<img src="Kjow_hello-world.png" title="e.g. Maemo 5 running Lazarus graphical demo." width="300" />
254	+	<figcaption>e.g. Maemo 5 running Lazarus graphical demo.</figcaption>
255	+	</figure>
256	+
257	+	## APPENDIX A: Testing console programs
258	+
259	+	### Create a TestARM.pas
260	+
261	+	- Type:
262	+
263	+	``` bash
264	+	mkdir ~/dev/TestARM/
265	+	gedit ~/dev/TestARM/TestARM.pas
266	+	```
267	+
268	+	- Paste this code:
269	+
270	+	``` pascal
271	+	program test;
272	+	begin
273	+	writeln('DATE ',{$i %DATE%});
274	+	writeln('FPCTARGET ',{$i %FPCTARGET%});
275	+	writeln('FPCTARGETCPU ',{$i %FPCTARGETCPU%});
276	+	writeln('FPCTARGETOS ',{$i %FPCTARGETOS%});
277	+	writeln('FPCVERSION ',{$i %FPCVERSION%});
278	+	end.
279	+	```
280	+
281	+	- Type:
282	+
283	+	``` bash
284	+	cd ~/dev/TestARM/
285	+	fpc -Tlinux -Parm -XParm-linux- TestARM.pas
286	+	```
287	+
288	+	### Time to run
289	+
290	+	- Transfer TestARM on device
291	+	- Generally you must give executable permission to TestARM directly on the device:
292	+
293	+	``` bash
294	+	chmod +x /path/where/is/TestAMR
295	+	./path/where/is/TestAMR
296	+	```
297	+
298	+	## Appendix B: Target libs
299	+
300	+	You need target libs to assemble and link binary file. You can find them into the SDK of your device or into the device itself.
301	+
302	+	E.g. for Nokia N900 you need to copy /lib/* and /usr/lib/* (no subdirs needed) that are present in the Nokia N900 root and you must merge all files to ~/lazarus/fpc/libcross/\
303	+	Finally, you need to rename each library not found by linker (ld) to the file name searched by linker itself.\
304	+	E.g. if you got this error
305	+
306	+	`libX11.so not found (or incompatible)`
307	+
308	+	and you have a file called libX11.so.6.2.0, then you need to rename it into libX11.so
309	+
310	+	## See also
311	+
312	+	- [[Android]] Article on setting up cross-compiling for Android on ARM
313	+
314	+	---
315	+	From the Free Pascal wiki, page "Setup Cross Compile For ARM/es", as it stood on 2020-02-26 after a change by Trev, out of the wiki's dump of 2024-05-26. Copyright stays with the author who wrote it, according to the old wiki's [[Licensing]] page. If you have concerns about this material, [message the admin](/wiki-contact).

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