Installing Lazarus/zh CN: what changed

Revision 1 to 2. Removed lines have a minus sign; added lines have a plus sign.

Old	New		Line
1	1		## 概述
2	2
3	3		那些只想装上 Lazarus，然后就开始编程的人，最简单的方式就是下载，安装一个最新的，合适的，稳定的，二进制发行版（比如 Linux 的“.rpm”包，Windows 的“.exe”安装程序，或者 Mac OS X 的“.dmg”包）。你可以读一读 Linux 或 Windows 标题下面的“fpc 二进制文件”小节，或者是看看在 Windows 或 Linux 里安装 Lazarus 里的第一段：剩下的大部分信息都可以不予理睬。
4	4
5	5		对于想要参与编译器或者 IDE 开发的人，或者需要最新工具的人，就需要通过源代码来安装，那么这里的所有信息都是有用的。
6	6
7	7		Lazarus 提供了两个主要部分：
8	8
9	9		- LCL —— Lazarus Component Library（Lazarus 组件库）
10	10		- IDE —— RAD 工具
11	11
12	12		以上部分分别相关于：
13	13
14	14		- FPC —— Free Pascal 编译器
15	15		- FCL —— Free Pascal Component Library（Free Pascal 组件库），含有大部分 Lazarus 所需的非图形化组件
16	16
17	17		### Lazarus 系统需求
18	18
19	19		1. FreePascal 编译器，包，还有源代码。（＊注意＊：所有文件必须是相同版本或日期）
20	20		2. 得到支持的 widget 工具集
21	21		:;Win32: 将使用本地 Win32 API
22	22
23	23		:;Linux/xxxBSD: GTK+ 1.2.x : 大部分 Linux 分发版和 *BSDs 已经安装了 GTK+ 1.2.x 库。你能在 <http://www.gtk.org> 找到。\
24	24		你也需要 gdk-pixbuf, 0.13 或更高版（最好是0.18或更高版），你能找到两年来最新的分发版。源代码在这里 <ftp://ftp.gnome.org/pub/GNOME/sources/gdk-pixbuf/>
25	25
26	26		:;Mac OS X: GTK+ 1.2.x : 你需要苹果开发工具，X11，还有 GTK1.2。请看下面的 Mac OS X 安装部分。
27	27
28	28		:;GTK+ 2.x: 警告：GTK2 界面还没有完成，只是用于测试。\
29	29		你能在最新分发版里找到。源代码在 <http://www.gtk.org>。
30	30
31	31		FAQ —— Frequently Asked Questions（常见问题解答）请见 <http://www.lazarus.freepascal.org> ，有些问题能够在本地‘FAQ’中找到。
32	32
33	33		以下部分，描述了怎样得到 Free Pascal 以及怎样正确安装 Lazarus。
34	34
35	35		## 安装 Free Pascal 编译器
36	36
37	37		下面的网址更多地讨论了如何安装和构建 Free Pascal 编译器 <http://www.stack.nl/~marcov/buildfaq.pdf> - 对某些用户来说，可能有些过于详细了，但是这里是非常全面的。
38	38
39	39		Lazarus 需要 fpc (FreePascal) 版本 2.2.0 或更高的版本，还需要相同版本的已编译 fpc 库（二进制文件）和fpc 源代码。
40	40
41	41		### 在 Linux 下安装 Free Pascal
42	42
43	43		#### FPC 二进制文件
44	44
45	45		最新的 FreePascal 发布版本是 2.2.0, 可以从 FreePascal 的网站获得(http://www.freepascal.org/download.html, 然后选择一个镜像) 也可以从 sourceforge 获得(http://sourceforge.net/projects/lazarus)。
46	46
47	47		在下载 Lazarus 的地方(http://www.lazarus.freepascal.org )你可以得到 Free Pascal 编译器的 RPM 包。如果你不能使用 RPM 包进行安装，你可以从 <http://www.freepascal.org> 下载 Tar 压缩包。如果你想自己编译成执行程序（二进制文件），请参考 BSD 部分。
48	48
49	49		指导：
50	50
51	51		警告：如果你不使用 RPM（即便你是一个准备使用 RPM 的外行），最好取得最新的稳定版 FPC（目前是2.2.0），然后通过源代码安装 Lazarus。\
52	52		启动 linux，然后以 ROOT 登陆。\
53	53		从 <http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=89339> 下载最新的文件。比如：
54	54
55	55		:* fpc-2.0.4-0.i586.rpm
56	56
57	57		:* fpcsrc-2.0.4-0.i386.rpm
58	58
59	59		:* lazarus-0.9.22-0.i386.rpm\
60	60		然后安装它们：
61	61
62	62		:* rpm -Uvh fpc-2.0.4-0.i586.rpm
63	63
64	64		:* rpm -Uvh fpcsrc-2.0.4-0.i386.rpm
65	65
66	66		:* rpm -Uvh lazarus-0.9.22-0.i386.rpm\
67	67		Debian 用户可能要求助于其它方法（警告，这不会生成 fpc.cfg）或者使用 tar 包进行安装。
68	68
69	69		#### FPC 源代码
70	70
71	71		从 2.0 发布版开始，FPC 融合进了 Subversion (SVN)。现在还没有 CVS 镜像，所以你必须使用 SVN 才能得到 FPC 的源代码。
72	72
73	73		（译注：下略，请参见英文） For more information, see the [FreePascal](http://www.freepascal.org/develop.html) website
74	74
75	75		### 在 Windows 下安装Free Pascal
76	76
77	77		#### FPC 二进制的Windows版
78	78
79	79		By far the easiest way to get a working installation of Free Pascal is to download the current binary Windows release of Lazarus from the SourceForge repository - the release contains the current versions of the FreePascal compiler and the FreePascal libraries as well as the lazarus IDE. If you want to install from sources, read on!
80	80
81	81		You can get the installer zip for fpc 2.2.0 at Free Pascal's download section <http://www.freepascal.org/download.html>, then choose a mirror). Installing from the sources -- see the next section to know how to get them -- is not for novices, since you need a starting compiler as well.
82	82
83	83		#### FPC windows版的源代码
84	84
85	85		\<\<\<\< See section above under FPC Sources for Linux, where the use of SVN is described \>\>\>\>
86	86
87	87		（略，请参见英文页面）
88	88
89	89		### 安装 FreeBSD/auto版的Free Pascal
90	90
91	91		Latest FreeBSD ports collection has 2.2.0 stable version in ports/lang/fpc. But they are scattered over 57 (!) packages and do not install the sources, so it is almost always better to install manually (see below). Nevertheless here is how to install the port.
92	92
93	93		This can be done as root. 下面这些能被root完成
94	94
95		-	~~`[]# cd /usr/ports/lang/fpc && make install && make clean`~~
	95	+	```text
	96	+	[]# cd /usr/ports/lang/fpc && make install && make clean
	97	+	```
96	98
97	99		Other possibility is to use portinstall.
98	100
99		-	~~`[]# portinstall fpc`~~
	101	+	```text
	102	+	[]# portinstall fpc
	103	+	```
100	104
101	105		Once fpc is installed you can check if it's working by simply running
102	106
103		-	~~`[]$ fpc`~~
	107	+	```text
	108	+	[]$ fpc
	109	+	```
104	110
105	111		### 安装BSD/manually版本的 Free Pascal
106	112
107	113		Effectively, you need
108	114
109	115		A file with all sources, or two (fpc and lazarus)
110	116
111	117		1\. e.g. for fpc <ftp://ftp.freepascal.org/fpc/dist/Linux/separate/sources.tar> preferably an export (no CVS/ dirs). The above file misses this. 2. Lazarus source 快照
112	118
113	119		- _any_ starting compiler from the 2.2.0 branch) You can do a check by parsing the output of ppc386 -i if it is 2.2.0 .. 2.3.x it is ok.
114	120		- \- dependant packages. (for FreeBSD that is gtk12, glib12 and gdk_pixbuf and GNU make, iconv and gettext)
115	121
116	122		FPC build:
117	123
118	124		1\. (fetch) necessary files (FPC source, starting compiler) 2. (extract) Then de-tgz in work directory, 3. (build) enter work/fpc/ and run
119	125
120		-	~~` $MAKE all OPT='-gl' PP=/path/to/startingcompiler-name-ppc386`\~~
121		-	~~`(/path/to/ can be omitted when ppc386 is in the path)`\~~
122		-	~~`($MAKE is make on linux and gmake on BSD)`~~
	126	+	```text
	127	+	$MAKE all OPT='-gl' PP=/path/to/startingcompiler-name-ppc386
	128	+	(/path/to/ can be omitted when ppc386 is in the path)
	129	+	($MAKE is make on linux and gmake on BSD)
	130	+	```
123	131
124	132		4\. (install) then, again in work/fpc, run
125	133
126		-	~~`$MAKE install PP=compiler/ppc386 PREFIX=$THEPREFIX`\~~
127		-	~~`(THEPREFIX= usually is /usr/lcoal, but e.g. on NetBSD it is /usr/pkg for ports)`\~~
128		-	~~`Create a symlink:`\~~
129		-	~~` ln -s $THEPREFIX/lib/fpc/2.2.0/ppc386 $THEPREFIX/bin/ppc386`\~~
130		-	~~` install sourceinstall PREFIX=$THEPREFIX`~~
	134	+	```text
	135	+	$MAKE install PP=compiler/ppc386 PREFIX=$THEPREFIX
	136	+	(THEPREFIX= usually is /usr/lcoal, but e.g. on NetBSD it is /usr/pkg for ports)
	137	+	Create a symlink:
	138	+	ln -s $THEPREFIX/lib/fpc/2.2.0/ppc386 $THEPREFIX/bin/ppc386
	139	+	install sourceinstall PREFIX=$THEPREFIX
	140	+	```
131	141
132	142		5\. (configure) run compiler/utils/samplecfg \$THEPREFIX/lib/fpc/2.2.0 \$ETCDIR 6. (optional, test), see if ppc386 -i gives output, else give a warning that user need to add \$PREFIX/bin to his current path. Try to compiler a program with -viwn, and see if that gives errors. Notes:
133	143
134	144		- If you need fpcmake package lists, you need to generate or supply them yourself, (in the port, or in an extra archive) either way, do a dummy install to /tmp/pack and determine the files installed with find . \>ll
135	145
136	146		- \$THEPREFIX and \$ETCDIR should be user configurable. Otherwise local installs aren't possible.
137	147
138	148		- BSDHIER=1 on all make commands forces BSD hierarchy conventions.
139	149
140	150		### Installing Free Pascal under macOS
141	151
142	152		You also need the Apple Developer tools, X11, and GTK 1.2:
143	153
144	154		Developer-tools: Are included on the original operating system installation CDs, or download at ADC (free registration required):
145	155
146	156
147	157		<http://developer.apple.com/>.
148	158
149	159		Apple X11: On a new system: choose "Customize" in the install dialog, check "X11".
150	160
151	161		On an already installed system:
152	162
153	163		macOS 10.3: download at:
154	164
155	165
156	166		<http://www.apple.com/downloads/macosx/apple/x11formacosx.html>
157	167
158	168		macOS 10.4: install X11 from the DVD.
159	169
160	170		GTK 1.2: Downloading the GTK packages and installing them properly can be a time consuming task. Therefore there are various package managers. One of them is fink:
161	171
162	172
163	173		Download fink from <http://fink.sourceforge.net/download/index.php?phpLang=en>; follow the install instructions.
164	174
165	175		In the Terminal, run
166	176
167		-	~~` sudo /sw/bin/apt-get install gdk-pixbuf gtk+ gtk+-data gtk+-shlibs gtk-doc gtk-engines`~~
	177	+	```text
	178	+	sudo /sw/bin/apt-get install gdk-pixbuf gtk+ gtk+-data gtk+-shlibs gtk-doc gtk-engines
	179	+	```
168	180
169	181		The X11 application is in /Applications/Utilities/X11. You can drag and drop it on the dock so you can start it with one click.
170	182
171	183		Tip: Most X11 programs, including Lazarus, expect to receive focus when the user clicks on a window. Under macOS this is deactivated. You can activate it for all X11 applications by typing in the terminal:
172	184
173		-	~~` defaults write com.apple.x11 wm_click_through -bool true`~~
	185	+	```text
	186	+	defaults write com.apple.x11 wm_click_through -bool true
	187	+	```
174	188
175	189		Free Pascal Compiler
176	190
177	191		Then download and install the Free Pascal Compiler (at least 2.2.0) from:
178	192
179	193
180	194		<https://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=89339>
181	195
182	196		When compiling GTK-related software, you need to add two lines to the fpc.cfg file, to enable use of libraries:
183	197
184		-	~~`-Fl/sw/lib`\~~
185		-	~~`-Fl/usr/X11R6/lib`~~
	198	+	```text
	199	+	-Fl/sw/lib
	200	+	-Fl/usr/X11R6/lib
	201	+	```
186	202
187	203		For Lazarus you need the FPC sources as well:
188	204
189	205		- Install SVN for macOS: A good package is provided by [Martin Ott](http://www.codingmonkeys.de/mbo/).
190	206
191	207		Create a directory, where you would like to put the sources. You don't need to be root to do this. Any normal user can do this. First create a directory for fpc
192	208
193	209
194	210		(e.g. /Users/username/freepascal)
195	211
196	212		then open a terminal and do the following:
197	213
198		-	~~`[]$ svn co `[`http://svn.freepascal.org/svn/fpc/trunk`](http://svn.freepascal.org/svn/fpc/trunk)` fpc`~~
	214	+	```text
	215	+	[]$ svn co http://svn.freepascal.org/svn/fpc/trunk fpc
	216	+	```
199	217
200	218		This will create a directories called 'fpc', which can be later used in the IDE. Hint: To download/update the latest changes you can simply do
201	219
202		-	~~`[]$ cd /Users/username/freepascal/fpc`\~~
203		-	~~`[]$ svn up`~~
	220	+	```text
	221	+	[]$ cd /Users/username/freepascal/fpc
	222	+	[]$ svn up
	223	+	```
204	224
205	225		## 安装 Lazarus
206	226
207	227		### 在Linux下安装 Lazarus
208	228
209	229		#### Ubuntu / Debian
210	230
211	231		The easiest way to get a current working installation of Lazarus is to download the .deb files for FreePascal and Lazarus from the SourceForge repository.
212	232
213	233		Experimental: [[How to setup a FPC and Lazarus Ubuntu repository]]
214	234
215	235		#### 轻松建立 debs
216	236
217	237		The easiest way to get a current working installation of Lazarus is to download build your own .deb packages by following the instructions at:
218	238
219	239		[[How to setup a FPC and Lazarus Ubuntu repository]]
220	240
221	241		#### 用rpms安装
222	242
223	243		The next easiest way is to the RPMs for FreePascal and Lazarus from the SourceForge repository.
224	244
225	245		You need to download the selected version of
226	246
227	247		- the compiler (eg fpc-2.2.0-0.i386.rpm)
228	248		- the pascal source library (eg fpc-src-2.2.0-0.i386.rpm)
229	249		- the Lazarus package (eg lazarus-0.9.24-0.i386.rpm).
230	250
231	251		Here is an example of a script to install or update to ver.0.9.24 from a mirror, nchc. Save it as something like "InstallLazarus.sh", give it execute permission, and run after getting root privileges using su. Don't mind if you get "not installed" message.
232	252
233		-	~~` #!/bin/sh`\~~
234		-	~~` URL=`[`http://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/lazarus`](http://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/lazarus)\~~
235		-	~~` wget $URL/fpc-2.2.0-0.i386.rpm`\~~
236		-	~~` wget $URL/fpc-src-2.2.0-0.i386.rpm`\~~
237		-	~~` wget $URL/lazarus-0.9.24-0.i386.rpm`\~~
238		-	~~` rpm -ev lazarus`\~~
239		-	~~` rpm -ev fpc`\~~
240		-	~~` rpm -ev fpc-src`\~~
241		-	~~` rpm -ivh fpc-*`\~~
242		-	~~` rpm -ivh lazarus-*`~~
	253	+	```text
	254	+	#!/bin/sh
	255	+	URL=http://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/lazarus
	256	+	wget $URL/fpc-2.2.0-0.i386.rpm
	257	+	wget $URL/fpc-src-2.2.0-0.i386.rpm
	258	+	wget $URL/lazarus-0.9.24-0.i386.rpm
	259	+	rpm -ev lazarus
	260	+	rpm -ev fpc
	261	+	rpm -ev fpc-src
	262	+	rpm -ivh fpc-*
	263	+	rpm -ivh lazarus-*
	264	+	```
243	265
244	266		#### 在 Mandriva 上安装
245	267
246	268		（译注：略，参见英文页面）
247	269
248	270		#### 在 Suse 上安装
249	271
250	272		##### Installing Lazarus 0.9.18. For Suse 10.1 users
251	273
252	274		（译注：略，参见英文页面）
253	275
254	276		#### 从源代码安装
255	277
256	278		If you prefer to install from source and compile the files yourself, follow these instructions. Because the whole lazarus stuff is installed into one directory, uninstall is very easy and you don't need to be root to install lazarus. You can get tgz files for fpc, fpcsrc and lazarus from the downloads section or you can download it directly via svn.
257	279
258	280		（译注：略，参见英文页面）
259	281
260	282		#### 在 Debian GNU/Linux下安装 Lazarus
261	283
262	284		There are preliminary Debian packages for lazarus available for download. They are not the latest versions, however. Make sure you read /usr/share/doc/lazarus/README.Debian carefully before you start using it. Feedback is needed and appreciated; please send your comments to Carlos Laviola \<claviola@debian.org\>.
263	285
264	286		Note that for a fully working Lazarus install, no older or incompatible versions of, for example, the fpc source or fpc compiler must be installed. Remove them by typing
265	287
266		-	~~` dpkg -r <package name> `~~
	288	+	```text
	289	+	dpkg -r <package name>
	290	+	```
267	291
268	292		without .deb extension. And then install the newest versions as described.
269	293
270	294		#### Another way to install Lazarus under Debian
271	295
272	296		Added by User:Kirkpatc. （译注：略，参见英文页面）
273	297
274	298		### 在Windows下安装Lazarus
275	299
276	300		当前版本的视窗版Lazarus二进制包的安装非常轻松，它‘打开盒子就能用’（out-of-the-box）。
277	301
278	302		#### 安装Lazarus到优盘
279	303
280	304		甚至能把整个Lazarus/FPC包安装到一个便携式USB驱动器（优盘，容量至少256MB），针对某些环境，比如你不允许安装软件的视窗工作站，或者你没有获得超级管理员权限。你必须注意，调整编译路径、环境选项，还有 fpc.cfg文件。也许，必须要保持编译测试的文件夹位置，在你的U盘。
281	305
282	306		\<\< 问：有谁知道，怎样设置‘相对路径’在这些标签和文件中，以保证寻址工作正常，当你移动U盘到另一台电脑会遇到一个不同的盘符的？
283	307
284	308		答: 我就是这么做的。关联很复杂，但这是我发现的最佳方案（译注：确实很复杂，谁看明白了接着翻译吧。请参见[《Lazarus中文版免重装的方法》](http://pengtu.net/wp2/ooo/lazarus-green)）。 I have a "bin" directory on my USB drive, where I have several scripts and utilities installed. Inside that directory is a batch file called "setenv.bat" which sets an environment variable called THUMBDRIVE. It is set by using this command in the batch file:
285	309
286		-	~~` set THUMBDRIVE=%CD:~0,2%`~~
	310	+	```text
	311	+	set THUMBDRIVE=%CD:~0,2%
	312	+	```
287	313
288	314		This is used in setenv.bat to set some paths to other things I have installed on the USB drive. I also have a link in the root directory of the thumb drive with this property:
289	315
290		-	~~` %SystemRoot%\system32\cmd.exe /k bin\setenv`~~
	316	+	```text
	317	+	%SystemRoot%\system32\cmd.exe /k bin\setenv
	318	+	```
291	319
292	320		so that when I click on that link when the thumb drive folder is diplayed after inserting it, it will open a command prompt at the thumb drive with the environment variables set from setenv.bat.
293	321
294	322		Also inside the bin directory is [sed](http://sed.sf.net) (the actual binary is one I obtained from the mingw distribution). So I created another batch file called fixlaz.bat which takes one argument, the drive letter which is currently in the Lazarus/fpc settings files that you want to change (note that this is the previous drive letter the last time you ran fixlaz.bat, not the current one of your USB drive which fixlaz.bat already knows). You will need to create this batch file to fit where you installed Lazarus in the root directory structure of the drive if you didn't install it directly in the root folder, and then repeat these lines also for the editoroptions.xml and fpc.cfg files (fpc.cfg is the the fpc bin directory, which might be buried deep in the lazarus folder):
295	323
296		-	~~` copy %THUMBDRIVE%\lazarus\environmentoptions.xml %THUMBDRIVE%\lazarus\environmentoptions.bak`\~~
297		-	~~` sed -e 's/%1/%THUMBDRIVE%/g' %THUMBDRIVE%\lazarus\environmentoptions.bak > %THUMBDRIVE%\lazarus\environmentoptions.xml`~~
	324	+	```text
	325	+	copy %THUMBDRIVE%\lazarus\environmentoptions.xml %THUMBDRIVE%\lazarus\environmentoptions.bak
	326	+	sed -e 's/%1/%THUMBDRIVE%/g' %THUMBDRIVE%\lazarus\environmentoptions.bak > %THUMBDRIVE%\lazarus\environmentoptions.xml
	327	+	```
298	328
299	329		So to use it, I would type at the command prompt of the USB drive:
300	330
301		-	~~` fixlaz G:`~~
	331	+	```text
	332	+	fixlaz G:
	333	+	```
302	334
303	335		if "G:" was the previous drive letter used the last time I ran it. This will then scan the file(s) and replace "G:" with the current drive letter of the USB drive, which is in the %THUMBDRIVE% environment variable (after running setenv.bat). Note that you could write it to save the current drive letter in a separate file, so that you wouldn't have to remember it yourself the next time. But this works well enough for me right now. \>\>
304	336
305	337		The binary package is available for Linux and Windows from
306	338
307	339		<http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=89339>
308	340
309	341		Download the latest release (currently Lazarus-0.9.15-20060415-win32.exe) and launch the application. You will be taken through a typical Windows installation, in which the FPC compiler and source libraries are installed within the same directory structure as Lazarus, and the IDE should launch and operate without significant problems, provided you have uninstalled(!!!) any previous version of Lazarus and/or FPC (often found in the C:\pp directory).
310	342
311	343		You can also use a Lazarus Snapshot. For download locations see [[Lazarus Snapshots Downloads]].
312	344
313	345		小提示:
314	346
315	347		这也许是个好主意：在安装Lazarus之后重启你的Windows，然后再去安装额外的Lazarus组件，比如zeoslib。
316	348
317	349		#### 从源代码安装
318	350
319	351		If you prefer to install from sources, then follow these instructions (Thanks to Joe for the initial Step-by-step description) （译注：略，参见英文页面）
320	352
321	353		### 在FreeBSD下安装 Lazarus
322	354
323	355		FreeBSD 5+
324	356
325	357		The latest version of Lazarus into FreeBSD port tree is 0.9.22. We can to install lazarus using FreeBSD ports.
326	358
327		-	~~`[]# cd /usr/ports/editors/lazarus && make install clean clean-depends`~~
	359	+	```text
	360	+	[]# cd /usr/ports/editors/lazarus && make install clean clean-depends
	361	+	```
328	362
329	363		If you get the messages about missing source files, go to \[menu bar \>\> Environment \>\> Environment Options \>\> Files Tab: FPC source library\] and enter the directory of the FPC source files. It can be obtained from /usr/ports/distfiles/freepascal
330	364
331	365		Good luck, that worked for me. --Jrmarino 21:29, 4 Jan 2006 (CET)
332	366
333	367		### Installing Lazarus under PC-BSD 1.0rc1+
334	368
335	369		You can install Lazarus on PB-BSD by simply downloading the Lazarus PBI from [PBI Dir](http://www.pbidir.com/)
336	370
337	371		Note that you must install glib* port from /usr/port/devel/glib* or glib packages by pkg_add -r glib12 glib20. I will fix this in new PBI releases.
338	372
339	373		\[other OpenBSD/NetBSD/DragonFlyBSD goes here\]
340	374
341	375		### 在Mac OS X下安装 Lazarus
342	376
343	377		Works pretty much the same as under Linux. But you first need to install the Apple developer tools, X11, and GTK 1.2.
344	378
345	379		Easy-to-install snapshots are also from the [[Lazarus Snapshots Downloads\|snaphot servers]].
346	380
347	381		If you install all 3 .dmg snapshot files, this also installs the FPC compiler and the FPC and Lazarus source too. If you only need to run Lazarus to develop and compile your own apps, you don't need to install the FPC and Lazarus sources as described above. If you need to rebuild Lazarus or want to help with its development, then you should to install the Lazarus source to a folder where you have read-write permission, as described above.
348	382
349	383		If you want to experiment and develop the Carbon widgetset interface, look at [[Carbon Interface]].
350	384
351	385		There are at least two ways to start Lazarus under OS X:
352	386
353	387		Start X11. In the terminal window, type:
354	388
355		-	~~`cd /usr/local/share/lazarus`\~~
356		-	~~`./lazarus`~~
	389	+	```text
	390	+	cd /usr/local/share/lazarus
	391	+	./lazarus
	392	+	```
357	393
358	394		You can also run Lazarus from the X11 menu. Choose Applications \\| Customize, click Add Item, then under Name enter Lazarus and under Command enter:
359	395
360		-	~~`open -a /usr/local/share/lazarus/lazarus`~~
	396	+	```text
	397	+	open -a /usr/local/share/lazarus/lazarus
	398	+	```
361	399
362	400		Click Done. Now you can start Lazarus by choosing Applications \\| Lazarus.
363	401
364	402		### 关于安装FPC和Lazarus附加的经验和劝告
365	403
366	404		On linux, getting Lazarus to work can be complicated if you have an older version installed. If you have already installed earlier versions of FPC and/or Lazarus, you have to take great care that the PATHS are adjusted so that only your new versions are called.
367	405
368	406		Pitfalls that I have experienced in various attempts with SuSE linux include:
369	407
370	408		The rpm versions often install FPC in /bin or /usr/bin, with the libraries in /lib or /usr/lib. rpm版本经常把FPC安装在/bin或者/usr/bin里面，那些类库被装在/lin或者/lib里。
371	409
372	410		If you perform a make install on a source version or use a .tar.gz, the compiler is usually installed in /usr/local/bin with the libraries in /usr/local/lib.如果你执行一个安装版本或者使用一个.tar.gz，这个编译程序通常被安装在/usr/local/bin里，类库会被安装在/usr/local/lib里。
373	411
374	412		So if earlier versions have been installed from rpm, make sure all links are changed to reflect the directory structure of your new compiler. The place to make the changes is in /etc/fpc.cfg ; make sure there are no remnant configuration files in your home directory or in your FPC download directory. Typically they are found in ~/.fpc.cfg
375	413
376	414		Make sure the links in /etc/fpc.cfg point to the correct versions of the libraries (particularly if you have older versions still lurking around).
377	415
378	416		In /usr/local/bin or /usr/bin there is a file called fpc ; this is the executable that is called when you invoke the compiler. One of the first things it does is to open ppc386 in the same directory. This has to be the same version as the fpc file, or can be a link pointing to the true ppc386 in some other directory (such as a library directory, or the fpc directory in your own development space); be sure to update your link if you install a newer version of the compiler.
379	417
380	418		Try running the compiler from the command line using one of the simple example programs or one which you wrote yourself.尝试使用命令行运行编译程序，编译一个简单的例子程序或者是你自己以前写的些代码。
381	419
382	420		Turning to Lazarus:
383	421
384	422		If you use a downloaded snapshot (.tar.gz) or get the source from CVS, enter your lazarus directory and type
385	423
386		-	~~`make`\~~
387		-	~~`./lazarus `~~
	424	+	```text
	425	+	make
	426	+	./lazarus
	427	+	```
388	428
389	429		and hopefully the IDE should load. There may be a message saying it can't find the sources; if so, go to the menu at the top and select Environment -\> Environment options and insert the name of the directory where you expect to find your lazarus files (eg ~/FreePascal/lazarus), your compiler (e.g. /usr/local/bin/ppc386), the FreePascal source directory (e.g. /usr/local/lib/fpc/\$version/fpc or a directory in your own space e.g. ~/FreePascal/fpc). Then close the dialog and start programming.
390	430
391	431		You may find further problems when you start programming or compiling; most of these will be related to PATH selection.
392	432
393	433		Many of the difficulties are dealt with in the Lazarus FAQ, found either on this WiKi site, or a more complete list on the main Lazarus site。有一些困难已经被发现，你可能通过Lazarus的FAQ解决困难，或者其它完整的列表在Lazaru的主站点。有困难就先到下面的地址查查。
394	434
395	435		<http://www.lazarus.freepascal.org/modules.php?op=modload&name=FAQ&file=index>
396	436
397	437		From the top menu select Run（在顶层菜单选择运行Run） -\> Compiler Options(编译选项) (or Project(或者选择项目) -\> Compiler Options in more recent releases of Lazarus) and select the Paths tab on the resulting dialog并且设置对话结果的路径. 那是几个输入框是设置路径的输入项有单元文件的路径, Include（包括）文件的路径,其它资源文件的路径, 类库路径等等。 For each of these, it is worth pressing the ... (ellipsis) button on the right, and you will be given a blank window for inserting path information, and a lower window giving some suggestions. Select as many as you like (or ALL!) and press the ADD button to transfer the selections to the upper window. When your selection is complete, press OK and move on to the next box. If you know of other paths which need to be followed, press the Browse button associated with each box, and insert the additional paths.
398	438
399	439		当你认为路径正确时, 尝试编译你的应用程序. 如果得到路径错误 ('can't find unit .......'不能发现单元文件) 那么执行后退(go back）并且检查你的路径, both in /etc/fpc.cfg and in your Run(运行) -\> Compiler Options dialog (编译选项对话窗口)(or Project（项目） -\> Compiler Options depending on your version).
400	440
401	441		一担你设定的环境和路径正确, 它需要保存设置到一个文件, otherwise(否则) you will have to go through this process for each new project.
402	442
403		-	~~` In the Run -> Compiler options dialog there is a Load/Save button; `~~
	443	+	```text
	444	+	In the Run -> Compiler options dialog there is a Load/Save button;
	445	+	```
404	446
405	447		译者注：由于我使用的是lazarus v0.9.24 所以我发现compiler options在Project菜单里，不是在Run菜单里。 select this and then save the setings to the filename of your choice: mine is ~/FreePascal/default.cfg. Then each time I start a new project, I can go to the Run -\> Compiler Options dialog (or Project -\> Compiler Options), select Load/Save, and load my default.cfg file to the new project. You can, of course, modify the options for each new project if you so desire.
406	448
407	449		译者注（添加）：如果您使用的是ubuntu 8.10 并且您是使用新立得获取的lazarus和free pascal 在使用lazarus时，（Environment环境设置）fpc的路径应该是：
408	450
409		-	~~` /usr/share/fpcsrc/2.2.0/`~~
	451	+	```text
	452	+	/usr/share/fpcsrc/2.2.0/
	453	+	```
410	454
411	455		## 最初的贡献者和变化
412	456
413	457		This page has been converted from the epikwiki [version](http://lazarus-ccr.sourceforge.net/index.php?wiki=InstallingLazarus).
414	458
415	459		- Initially imported and formatted. VlxAdmin 9/22/2003
416	460		- Changed Joe's part for Windows to require fpc 1.0.10. Vincent 9/25/2003
417	461		- Updated "What is required for lazarus". AndrewJohnson 10/1/2003
418	462		- Finished formatted the InstallingLazarus page VlxAdmin 2/22/2004
419	463		- Posted some notes about Installing FPC and Lazarus: mostly reflecting experiences in trying to get the PATHS right in Linux. 3/11/2004 User:Kirkpatc
420	464		- Copied the contents of my note into the main InstallingLazarus section, edited it slightly. I don't know how to remove the original note. 3/12/2004 User:Kirkpatc
421	465		- Removed the original note. Tidied the wiki and formatting a bit. VlxAdmin
422	466		- Corrected a couple of typos - 3/12/2004 User:Kirkpatc
423	467		- Added link for daily snapshot deb packages - 3/27/2004 Vincent
424	468		- Fixed links in GettingLazarus (downloading binaries) and several other pages. 22 July 2004 User:Kirkpatc
425	469		- Added link for lazarus deb packages - 19 August 2004 VincentSnijders
426	470		- Added a short note on installing in Debian - 23 Nov 2004 User:Kirkpatc
427	471		- Considerable re-write and re-organization of installation section - 11 Dec 2004 User:Kirkpatc
428	472		- Fixed broken link - 9 Oct 2005 User:Avantman42
429	473
430	474		---
431	475		From the Free Pascal wiki, page "Installing Lazarus/zh CN", as it stood on 2020-02-16 after a change by Trev, out of the wiki's dump of 2024-05-26. Copyright stays with the author who wrote it, according to the old wiki's [[Licensing]] page. If you have concerns about this material, [message the admin](/wiki-contact).
432	476		Category: FPC/zh CN
433	477		Category: Install/zh CN
434	478		Category: Lazarus/zh CN

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