Docker Containerization/zh CN: what changed

Revision 2 to 3. Removed lines have a minus sign; added lines have a plus sign.

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1		-	~~## Contents~~
2		-
3		-	* 1 Docker 容器化
4		-	* 1.1 Docker
5		-	* 1.2 Alpine Linux
6		-	* 1.3 fcl-web 示例 - HelloHeaders
7		-	* 1.4 Docker 化 HelloHeaders
8		-	* 1.4.1 Dockerfile
9		-	* 1.4.2 Build Docker Image
10		-	* 1.4.3 查看 Docker 镜像的大小
11		-	* 1.4.4 运行容器
12		-	* 1.5 参见
13		-
14	1		# Docker 容器化
15	2
16	3		## Docker
17	4
18	5		Docker 容器镜像是个轻量级、独立且可执行的软件包，应用程序运行所需的一切均包含其中：代码、运行时环境、系统工具、系统库和配置参数。在运行时，容器镜像会转换为容器。容器将软件与环境隔离开来，确保在不同环境下（例如开发环境和预生产环境）运行的一致性。
19	6
20	7		Docker 容器可在 Windows、Linux、macOS 和 Amazon Web Services、Microsoft Azure 之类的云服务中运行。
21	8
22	9		以 Unix 守护进程或 Windows 服务这些传统形式运行的应用，如 Web 服务和数据库，正越来越多以容器化的形式运行。
23	10
24	11		## Alpine Linux
25	12
26	13		Alpine Linux 是一种注重安全、轻量级的 Linux。基于 Alpine Linux 的最小 Docker 容器镜像只有 5MB 大小。
27	14
28	15		## fcl-web 示例 - HelloHeaders
29	16
30	17		以下例程能响应 web 请求，回送请求信息。
31	18		```
32	19		program HelloHeadersPure;
33	20
34	21		{$mode objfpc}{$H+}
35	22
36	23		uses
37	24		cthreads, httpdefs, httproute, webutil,
38	25		fphttpapp;
39	26
40	27		procedure doEchoRequest(aReq: TRequest; aResp: TResponse);
41	28		begin
42	29		DumpRequest(aReq, aResp.contents, true);
43	30		end;
44	31
45	32		begin
46	33		HTTPRouter.registerRoute('*', @doEchoRequest);
47	34		Application.Port:=8080;
48	35		Application.Threaded:=True;
49	36		Application.Initialize;
50	37		Application.Run;
51	38		end.
52	39		```
53	40
54	41		## Docker 化 HelloHeaders
55	42
56	43		下面在 Ubuntu 下编译此例程。可执行文件命名为 `helloheaders`。用以下 Dockerfile 为 `helloheaders` 创建 Docker 镜像。
57	44
58	45		### Dockerfile
59	46		```
60	47		# Start with the Alpine 3.12 Docker image.
61	48		FROM alpine:3.12
62	49
63	50		# Install libc6-compat, required for executables generated by FPC.
64	51		RUN apk --no-cache --update add libc6-compat
65	52
66	53		# Set working directory in the container image.
67	54		WORKDIR /app
68	55
69	56		# Copy the executable from host into container image.
70	57		COPY helloheaders /app/helloheaders
71	58
72	59		# Add uid/gid to run the binary. Don't want to run as root.
73	60		RUN addgroup -g 1099 apprunner \
74	61		&& adduser -D -u 1099 -G apprunner -h /home/apprunner apprunner
75	62
76	63		# Set uid/gid for the running program.
77	64		USER apprunner:apprunner
78	65
79	66		# Make the TCP port 8080 available to outside the container.
80	67		EXPOSE 8080
81	68
82	69		# Run the program.
83	70		CMD ["/app/helloheaders"]
84	71		```
85	72
86	73		### Build Docker Image
87	74		```
88	75		% sudo docker build -t helloheaders:fpc .
89	76		Sending build context to Docker daemon 1.331MB
90	77		Step 1/8 : FROM alpine:3.12
91	78		---> a24bb4013296
92	79		Step 2/8 : RUN apk --no-cache --update add libc6-compat
93	80		---> Using cache
94	81		---> 8bd9ae66e9fe
95	82		Step 3/8 : WORKDIR /app
96	83		---> Using cache
97	84		---> 1c69cb1c14e3
98	85		Step 4/8 : COPY helloheaders /app/helloheaders
99	86		---> de5ffddf76bb
100	87		Step 5/8 : RUN addgroup -g 1099 apprunner && adduser -D -u 1099 -G apprunner -h /home/apprunner apprunner
101	88		---> Running in 54199f0a8f4f
102	89		Removing intermediate container 54199f0a8f4f
103	90		---> c7d18145bc02
104	91		Step 6/8 : USER apprunner:apprunner
105	92		---> Running in 0a544c5fc8f6
106	93		Removing intermediate container 0a544c5fc8f6
107	94		---> a3868d1f2033
108	95		Step 7/8 : EXPOSE 8080
109	96		---> Running in 829a1b804c0d
110	97		Removing intermediate container 829a1b804c0d
111	98		---> 7389810c7acf
112	99		Step 8/8 : CMD ["/app/helloheaders"]
113	100		---> Running in 882e002e08b0
114	101		Removing intermediate container 882e002e08b0
115	102		---> 399269970984
116	103		Successfully built 399269970984
117	104		Successfully tagged helloheaders:fpc
118	105		```
119	106
120	107		### 查看 Docker 镜像的大小
121	108		```
122	109		% sudo docker images
123	110		REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
124	111		helloheaders fpc 399269970984 2 minutes ago 7.51MB
125	112		```
126	113
127	114		### 运行容器
128	115		```
129	116		% sudo docker run --rm -p 8080:8080 helloheaders:fpc
130	117		```
131	118
132	119		然后即可用浏览器访问 `http://127.0.0.1:8080/`。
133	120
134	121		## 参见
135	122
136	123		* [[Qemu and other emulators\|Qemu 等模拟器]]
137	124		* [[Small Virtual Machines\|小型虚拟机]]
138	125
139	126		---
140	127		From the Free Pascal wiki, page "Docker Containerization/zh CN", as the Internet Archive kept it on 2025-04-21, last changed on 2024-12-25. Copyright stays with the author who wrote it, according to the old wiki's [[Licensing]] page. If you have concerns about this material, [message the admin](/wiki-contact).

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