Docker Containerization/zh CN: what changed

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Title: Docker Containerization/zh CN

New		Line
1	+	## Contents
2	+
3	+	* 1 Docker 容器化
4	+	* 1.1 Docker
5	+	* 1.2 Alpine Linux
6	+	* 1.3 fcl-web 示例 - HelloHeaders
7	+	* 1.4 Docker 化 HelloHeaders
8	+	* 1.4.1 Dockerfile
9	+	* 1.4.2 Build Docker Image
10	+	* 1.4.3 查看 Docker 镜像的大小
11	+	* 1.4.4 运行容器
12	+	* 1.5 参见
13	+
14	+	# Docker 容器化
15	+
16	+	## Docker
17	+
18	+	Docker 容器镜像是个轻量级、独立且可执行的软件包，应用程序运行所需的一切均包含其中：代码、运行时环境、系统工具、系统库和配置参数。在运行时，容器镜像会转换为容器。容器将软件与环境隔离开来，确保在不同环境下（例如开发环境和预生产环境）运行的一致性。
19	+
20	+	Docker 容器可在 Windows、Linux、macOS 和 Amazon Web Services、Microsoft Azure 之类的云服务中运行。
21	+
22	+	以 Unix 守护进程或 Windows 服务这些传统形式运行的应用，如 Web 服务和数据库，正越来越多以容器化的形式运行。
23	+
24	+	## Alpine Linux
25	+
26	+	Alpine Linux 是一种注重安全、轻量级的 Linux。基于 Alpine Linux 的最小 Docker 容器镜像只有 5MB 大小。
27	+
28	+	## fcl-web 示例 - HelloHeaders
29	+
30	+	以下例程能响应 web 请求，回送请求信息。
31	+	```
32	+	program HelloHeadersPure;
33	+
34	+	{$mode objfpc}{$H+}
35	+
36	+	uses
37	+	cthreads, httpdefs, httproute, webutil,
38	+	fphttpapp;
39	+
40	+	procedure doEchoRequest(aReq: TRequest; aResp: TResponse);
41	+	begin
42	+	DumpRequest(aReq, aResp.contents, true);
43	+	end;
44	+
45	+	begin
46	+	HTTPRouter.registerRoute('*', @doEchoRequest);
47	+	Application.Port:=8080;
48	+	Application.Threaded:=True;
49	+	Application.Initialize;
50	+	Application.Run;
51	+	end.
52	+	```
53	+
54	+	## Docker 化 HelloHeaders
55	+
56	+	下面在 Ubuntu 下编译此例程。可执行文件命名为 `helloheaders`。用以下 Dockerfile 为 `helloheaders` 创建 Docker 镜像。
57	+
58	+	### Dockerfile
59	+	```
60	+	# Start with the Alpine 3.12 Docker image.
61	+	FROM alpine:3.12
62	+
63	+	# Install libc6-compat, required for executables generated by FPC.
64	+	RUN apk --no-cache --update add libc6-compat
65	+
66	+	# Set working directory in the container image.
67	+	WORKDIR /app
68	+
69	+	# Copy the executable from host into container image.
70	+	COPY helloheaders /app/helloheaders
71	+
72	+	# Add uid/gid to run the binary. Don't want to run as root.
73	+	RUN addgroup -g 1099 apprunner \
74	+	&& adduser -D -u 1099 -G apprunner -h /home/apprunner apprunner
75	+
76	+	# Set uid/gid for the running program.
77	+	USER apprunner:apprunner
78	+
79	+	# Make the TCP port 8080 available to outside the container.
80	+	EXPOSE 8080
81	+
82	+	# Run the program.
83	+	CMD ["/app/helloheaders"]
84	+	```
85	+
86	+	### Build Docker Image
87	+	```
88	+	% sudo docker build -t helloheaders:fpc .
89	+	Sending build context to Docker daemon 1.331MB
90	+	Step 1/8 : FROM alpine:3.12
91	+	---> a24bb4013296
92	+	Step 2/8 : RUN apk --no-cache --update add libc6-compat
93	+	---> Using cache
94	+	---> 8bd9ae66e9fe
95	+	Step 3/8 : WORKDIR /app
96	+	---> Using cache
97	+	---> 1c69cb1c14e3
98	+	Step 4/8 : COPY helloheaders /app/helloheaders
99	+	---> de5ffddf76bb
100	+	Step 5/8 : RUN addgroup -g 1099 apprunner && adduser -D -u 1099 -G apprunner -h /home/apprunner apprunner
101	+	---> Running in 54199f0a8f4f
102	+	Removing intermediate container 54199f0a8f4f
103	+	---> c7d18145bc02
104	+	Step 6/8 : USER apprunner:apprunner
105	+	---> Running in 0a544c5fc8f6
106	+	Removing intermediate container 0a544c5fc8f6
107	+	---> a3868d1f2033
108	+	Step 7/8 : EXPOSE 8080
109	+	---> Running in 829a1b804c0d
110	+	Removing intermediate container 829a1b804c0d
111	+	---> 7389810c7acf
112	+	Step 8/8 : CMD ["/app/helloheaders"]
113	+	---> Running in 882e002e08b0
114	+	Removing intermediate container 882e002e08b0
115	+	---> 399269970984
116	+	Successfully built 399269970984
117	+	Successfully tagged helloheaders:fpc
118	+	```
119	+
120	+	### 查看 Docker 镜像的大小
121	+	```
122	+	% sudo docker images
123	+	REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
124	+	helloheaders fpc 399269970984 2 minutes ago 7.51MB
125	+	```
126	+
127	+	### 运行容器
128	+	```
129	+	% sudo docker run --rm -p 8080:8080 helloheaders:fpc
130	+	```
131	+
132	+	然后即可用浏览器访问 `http://127.0.0.1:8080/`。
133	+
134	+	## 参见
135	+
136	+	* [[Qemu and other emulators\|Qemu 等模拟器]]
137	+	* [[Small Virtual Machines\|小型虚拟机]]
138	+
139	+	---
140	+	From the Free Pascal wiki, page "Docker Containerization/zh CN", as the Internet Archive kept it on 2025-04-21. Copyright stays with the author who wrote it, according to the old wiki's [[Licensing]] page. If you have concerns about this material, [message the admin](/wiki-contact).

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