Compile and Develop on Maemo device: what changed

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Title: Compile and Develop on Maemo device

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1	+	[FreePascal compiler](http://freepascal.org) is a free compiler for the various Pascal dialects. There is also a project [Lazarus](http://lazarus.freepascal.org) which provides a Delphi-like IDE for the FreePascal compiler. This article describes how to compile and install FreePascal compiler right on the device (currently [Nokia N900\\|N900](http://wiki.maemo.org/Nokia_N900) only, still have troubles to successfully compile it on my [[Nokia N810\|N810]]). You may need a lot of space, so it is very useful to [format an external SD card as ext2 or ext3](http://wiki.maemo.org/Ext2_on_microSD_card).
2	+
3	+	## Bootstrapping
4	+
5	+	First we need to get a working copy of fpc for ARM EABI. Currently, it is possible to get only ARB OABI version at the FreePascal web site. (version 2.2.2)
6	+
7	+	That's why we need to compile an ARM version of the compiler on the GNU/Linux PC first, then transfer it to the Nokia device, and compile the full compiler distribution there.
8	+
9	+	1. First you need to have fpc installed on your GNU/Linux box.
10	+	2. Then, download fpc source with svn.
11	+	svn checkout http://svn.freepascal.org/svn/fpc/trunk fpc
12	+	3. You also need cross binutils for ARM. Let's compile it like this:
13	+	mkdir binutils
14	+	cd binutils
15	+	BINUTILS=binutils-2.20.1
16	+	wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/binutils/$BINUTILS.tar.bz2
17	+	tar jxvf $BINUTILS.tar.bz2
18	+	cd $BINUTILS
19	+	./configure --prefix=/opt/binutils-arm-eabi --target=arm-none-eabi --with-gnu-as
20	+	--with-gnu-ld
21	+	make
22	+	make install
23	+	ln -s /opt/binutils-arm-eabi/bin/arm-none-eabi-as /opt/binutils-arm-eabi/bin/arm
24	+	-linux-as
25	+	ln -s /opt/binutils-arm-eabi/bin/arm-none-eabi-ld /opt/binutils-arm-eabi/bin/arm
26	+	-linux-ld
27	+	4. Then, export PATH so it will contain your binutils path first
28	+	export PATH=/opt/binutils-arm-eabi/bin:$PATH
29	+	5. Now we can compile fpc for ARM EABI. Go to fpc svn directory and run:
30	+	make all PREFIX=/opt/fpc-arm OS_TARGET=linux CPU_TARGET=arm OPT="-dFPC_ARMEL"
31	+	6. After successful compilation you will get "ppcarm" binary in the "compiler" folder inside fpc source tree.
32	+	noch@hactar:~/freepascal/svn/fpc/compiler$ file ppcarm
33	+	ppcarm: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, version 1 (SYSV), statically linked, stripped
34	+	7. Now it's time to scp ppcarm to the Nokia Maemo device, and compile with it sources there. From this point we work only on Maemo. I assume that you have `openssh-server` installed. You will also need the following packages:
35	+	- `subversion` - to get fpc source tree
36	+	- `binutils` - to get GNU assembler and linker
37	+	- `diffutils-gnu` - fpc needs "diff" to compile itself
38	+	- `coreutils-gnu` - contains, "install" command, needed to run "make install"
39	+
40	+	For Diablo, I found "diffutils" package in the [Dayless](http://www.gronmayer.com/it/dl.php?id=224) repository at the [gronmayer](http://www.gronmayer.com/it) repository list.
41	+
42	+	# dpkg -L diffutils-gnu \| grep bin
43	+	/usr/bin
44	+	/usr/bin/gnu
45	+	/usr/bin/gnu/cmp
46	+	/usr/bin/gnu/diff
47	+	/usr/bin/gnu/diff3
48	+	/usr/bin/gnu/sdiff
49	+	/usr/bin/gcmp
50	+	/usr/bin/gsdiff
51	+	/usr/bin/gdiff3
52	+	/usr/bin/gdiff
53	+	8. Because fpc needs "diff" executable, then there's two options. Whether to add `/usr/bin/gnu` to the `PATH`:
54	+	export PATH=/usr/bin/gnu:$PATH
55	+
56	+	or create a symlink to `gdiff` in `/usr/bin`
57	+
58	+	ln -s /usr/bin/gdiff /usr/bin/diff
59	+	9. There is a linker problem like
60	+	./link.res: file format not recognized; treating as linker script
61	+	./link.res:281: syntax error
62	+	pp.pas(209,27) Error: Error while linking
63	+	pp.pas(209,27) Fatal: There were 1 errors compiling module, stopping
64	+	Fatal: Compilation aborted
65	+
66	+	In order to avoid this, go to `compiler/systems` and change `t_linux.pas` so that it contain path to the `/lib/ld-linux.so.3` instead of `/lib/ld-linux.so.2`, because we do not have `/lib/ld-linux.so.2` on Maemo 4 and Maemo 5. This is a [[http://free-pascal-general.1045716.n5.nabble.com/FreePascal-on-ARM-Linux-SoftFloat-and-EABI-issues-td2819338.html quote]] from the freepascal mailing list:
67	+
68	+	> also although it creates an EABI 4 executable correctly there is a
69	+	> problem with fpc-svn/compiler/systems/t_linux.pas that sticks the wrong
70	+	> dynamic linker name in the file. I fixed it with this...
71	+	>
72	+	>
73	+	> {$ifdef arm}
74	+	> {$ifdef FPC_ARMEL}
75	+	> defdynlinker:='/lib/ld-linux.so.3';
76	+	> {$else}
77	+	10. So, change to the fpc source directory and run:
78	+	make clean all PP=/path/to/newlycopied/ppcarm PREFIX="/opt/fpc-svn" OPT="-dFPC_ARMEL -O- -dFPC_ABI_EABI"
79	+	11. If you have compilation error like this
80	+	__missing_command_DATA2INC fpc
81	+
82	+	it means compiler cannot find "data2inc" file and we need to provide path for that, so the command is
83	+
84	+	make clean all PP=/path/to/newlycopied/ppcarm DATA2INC="/path/to/fpc_source/utils/data2inc" PREFIX="/opt/fpc-svn" OPT="-dFPC_ARMEL -O- -dFPC_ABI_EABI"
85	+
86	+	Then, make install with the same options
87	+
88	+	make install PP=/path/to/newlycopied/ppcarm PREFIX="/opt/fpc-svn" OPT="-dFPC_ARMEL -O- -dFPC_ABI_EABI"
89	+
90	+	## Creating config
91	+
92	+	Now, we have a working compiler in `/opt/fpc-svn/bin`. But there are no config file, so it won't work.
93	+
94	+	1. In order to create a config file, do:
95	+	/opt/fpc-svn/bin/fpcmkcfg -d basepath=/opt/fpc-svn/lib/fpc/2.5.1/ -o /etc/fpc.cfg
96	+	2. It is also necessary to have correct path:
97	+	export PATH=/opt/fpc-svn/lib/fpc/2.5.1:/opt/fpc-svn/bin:$PATH
98	+
99	+	Second directory contains ppcarm binary, which is necessary for compilation.
100	+
101	+	This is it, now you have a working FreePascal compiler on Maemo. Next step is to install Lazarus, so you will be able to compile Lazarus created sources right on the device.
102	+
103	+	## Compile Lazarus
104	+
105	+	Get the source:
106	+
107	+	svn co http://svn.freepascal.org/svn/lazarus/trunk lazarus
108	+
109	+	Lazarus compilation will fail with the binutils of Maemo 5. Thus we need to compile newer binutils and we need gcc for it.
110	+
111	+	1. Add SDK repository to the apt config
112	+	vi /etc/apt/sources.list.d/dev.list
113	+
114	+	deb http://repository.maemo.org fremantle/sdk free non-free
115	+
116	+	DO NOT UPGRADE YOUR SYSTEM WITH THIS CONFIG LINE ENABLED!
117	+
118	+	2. apt-get update
119	+	apt-get install gcc autoconf automake1.9 libtool flex bison gdb automaken libltdl3-dev
120	+
121	+	3. At this point I also have gettext installed.
122	+	apt-get install gettext
123	+
124	+	4. Dependencies for lazarus:
125	+	apt-get install libgtk2.0-dev libgpmg1-dev libncurses5-dev
126	+
127	+	It will compile, but won't link without them.
128	+
129	+	5. Now install binutils. For that you also need `tar-gnu` and `bzip2` packages:
130	+	apt-get install tar-gnu bzip2
131	+
132	+	6. I use the following script:
133	+	``` bash
134	+	#!/bin/bash
135	+	BINUTILS=binutils-2.20.1
136	+	rm -rf $BINUTILS
137	+	wget -c http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/binutils/$BINUTILS.tar.bz2
138	+	/usr/bin/gnu/tar -jxvf binutils-2.20.1.tar.bz2
139	+	cd $BINUTILS
140	+	./configure --prefix=/opt/binutils-arm-eabi --target=arm-none-eabi --with-gnu-as
141	+	make
142	+	make install
143	+	ln -s /opt/binutils-arm-eabi/bin/arm-none-eabi-as /opt/binutils-arm-eabi/bin/arm
144	+	ln -s /opt/binutils-arm-eabi/bin/arm-none-eabi-ld /opt/binutils-arm-eabi/bin/arm
145	+	```
146	+
147	+	7. Update the `PATH` environment variable so it contain newly installed binutils at first place:
148	+	export PATH=/opt/binutils-arm-eabi/bin:$PATH
149	+
150	+	or if fpc is not currently in the path in this terminal, then
151	+
152	+	export PATH=/opt/binutils-arm-eabi/bin:/opt/fpc-svn/lib/fpc/2.5.1:/opt/fpc-svn/bin:$PATH
153	+
154	+	8. cd into lazarus directory
155	+	make clean all
156	+
157	+	if it fails with
158	+
159	+	Need "lazarus_0.9.31.orig.tar.gz" to build for DEBBUILD = ""
160	+
161	+	then you will be able to compile it with
162	+
163	+	make DEBUSESVN=1 clean all
164	+
165	+	if it still fails with
166	+
167	+	make -C ide ide
168	+	make[1]: Entering directory `/media/mmc1/noch/src/freepascal/lazarus-svn-2011-02-10/ide'
169	+	../tools/svn2revisioninc .. revision.inc
170	+	make[1]: *** [revisioninc] Segmentation fault
171	+	make[1]: Leaving directory `/media/mmc1/noch/src/freepascal/lazarus-svn-2011-02-10/ide'
172	+	make: *** [ide] Error 2
173	+
174	+	then according to [this link](http://bugs.freepascal.org/bug_view_page.php?bug_id=18271) it could be solved by USESVN2REVISIONINC=0
175	+
176	+	make LCL_PLATFORM=gtk USESVN2REVISIONINC=0 DEBUSESVN=1 clean all
177	+
178	+	## Compile on device
179	+
180	+	This script will help you to compile your application on device.
181	+
182	+	ARCH="arm-linux"
183	+	LAZARUS="/media/mmc1/noch/lazarus"
184	+	fpc project1.lpr -MObjFPC -Scgi -O1 -gl -WG -vewnhi -l -Fu$LAZARUS/lcl/units/$ARCH/ -Fu$LAZARUS/lcl/units/$ARCH/gtk2/ -Fu$LAZARUS/packager/units/$ARCH/ -Fu. -oproject1 -dLCL -dLCLgtk2
185	+
186	+	Now it is possible to run it :)
187	+
188	+	Actually, you may need a longer compile line, to find out that, click on "Show options" button in Project -\> Compiler Options, and change the line correspondingly, by replacing ARCH and LAZARUS paths.
189	+
190	+	## See also
191	+
192	+	- [[Smartphone Development]]
193	+	- [[Setup Cross Compile For ARM]]
194	+	- [[Qt4 Maemo Binding]]
195	+
196	+	---
197	+	From the Free Pascal wiki, page "Compile and Develop on Maemo device", as it stood on 2013-04-06 after a change by Jwdietrich, out of the wiki's dump of 2024-05-26. Copyright stays with the author who wrote it, according to the old wiki's [[Licensing]] page. If you have concerns about this material, [message the admin](/wiki-contact).
198	+	Category: Operating Systems and Platforms

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