Android/es: what changed
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Title: Android/es
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| 1 | + | *(Android only)* | |
| 2 | + | ||
| 3 | + | # Android target | |
| 4 | + | ||
| 5 | + | Support for the Android target is present starting from FPC 3.0. | |
| 6 | + | ||
| 7 | + | CPUs soportadas: | |
| 8 | + | ||
| 9 | + | - ARM (`CPU_TARGET=arm`) | |
| 10 | + | - x86 (`CPU_TARGET=i386`) | |
| 11 | + | - MIPS (`CPU_TARGET=mipsel`) | |
| 12 | + | - [[FPC JVM|JVM]] (not discussed on this page) | |
| 13 | + | ||
| 14 | + | # Android NDK (Native Development Kit) | |
| 15 | + | ||
| 16 | + | Para obtener las binutils de la plataforma cruzada de Android se necesita descargar e instalar el NDK (Native Development Kit) de Android. Esto permitirá compilar los programas en tu máquina actual teniendo como objetivo Android o dicho de otro modo generará archivos ejecutables bajo Android. | |
| 17 | + | ||
| 18 | + | La descarga se puede realizar desde el siguiente enlace Android NDK: | |
| 19 | + | ||
| 20 | + | <https://developer.android.com/ndk/downloads/index.html> | |
| 21 | + | ||
| 22 | + | A continuación es necesario descomprimirlo a una carpeta. | |
| 23 | + | ||
| 24 | + | # Descarga de FPC para Android | |
| 25 | + | ||
| 26 | + | ## Release version | |
| 27 | + | ||
| 28 | + | If you develop for Android using a Windows machine you can download a setup package which contains cross-compilers for Android (ARM, i386, MIPS). After installation of the cross-compilers you can build binaries for Android without any additional steps. | |
| 29 | + | ||
| 30 | + | For other host platforms you need to download the FPC sources archive and build a cross-compiler as described below. | |
| 31 | + | ||
| 32 | + | Download the latest release cross-compilers and FPC sources here: <http://freepascal.org/download.var> | |
| 33 | + | ||
| 34 | + | ## Development version | |
| 35 | + | ||
| 36 | + | The development (trunk) version of FPC may contain new features or bug fixes compared to the latest release version. | |
| 37 | + | ||
| 38 | + | Check out the latest trunk sources of FPC using the following command: | |
| 39 | + | ||
| 40 | + | <code> | |
| 41 | + | ||
| 42 | + | svn co http://svn.freepascal.org/svn/fpc/trunk fpcsrc | |
| 43 | + | ||
| 44 | + | </code> | |
| 45 | + | ||
| 46 | + | Now you have the latest compiler sources in the `fpcsrc` sub-folder. | |
| 47 | + | ||
| 48 | + | # Building cross compiler | |
| 49 | + | ||
| 50 | + | You need to have a working installation of FPC 3.0 compiler in order to create the cross-compiler. | |
| 51 | + | ||
| 52 | + | This tutorial describes how to build a cross-compiler for the **`arm-android`** target on Windows. But the tutorial can be applied to any system with small obvious modifications. | |
| 53 | + | ||
| 54 | + | Use the similar approach to build a **`i386-android`** or **`mipsel-android`** cross-compiler. | |
| 55 | + | ||
| 56 | + | Let's assume the following paths: | |
| 57 | + | ||
| 58 | + | - Android NDK path: `C:\Program Files\Android SDK\android-ndk-r8d` | |
| 59 | + | - FPC svn sources path: `C:\Develop\FPC\fpcsrc` | |
| 60 | + | - The cross-compiler installation path: `C:\Develop\FPC\pp` | |
| 61 | + | ||
| 62 | + | Add path to Android binutils to the PATH environment variable. In this tutorial the path is: `C:\Program Files\Android SDK\android-ndk-r8d\toolchains\arm-linux-androideabi-4.7\prebuilt\windows\bin` | |
| 63 | + | ||
| 64 | + | Open the Command line prompt and `cd` to the root of FPC sources folder: `C:\Develop\FPC\fpcsrc` | |
| 65 | + | ||
| 66 | + | Ejecuta el siguiente mandato: | |
| 67 | + | ||
| 68 | + | <code> | |
| 69 | + | ||
| 70 | + | `make clean crossall crossinstall OS_TARGET=android CPU_TARGET=arm INSTALL_PREFIX=C:\Develop\FPC\pp`</code> | |
| 71 | + | ||
| 72 | + | After that you should have the cross-compiler and units installed in folder `C:\Develop\FPC\pp` By default all units are built with -O2 optimization switch. Also software FPU emulation is used for ARM CPU by default. If you need to specify different compiler options for building, use the `CROSSOPT` parameter. For example if you wish to build units with hardware FPU support and ARMv7a CPU use the following command: | |
| 73 | + | ||
| 74 | + | <code> | |
| 75 | + | ||
| 76 | + | `make clean crossall crossinstall OS_TARGET=android CPU_TARGET=arm CROSSOPT="-Cparmv7a -Cfvfpv3" INSTALL_PREFIX=C:\Develop\FPC\pp`</code> | |
| 77 | + | ||
| 78 | + | Now create a new `fpc.cfg` file in folder `C:\Develop\FPC\pp\bin\i386-win32` and paste into it the following text: | |
| 79 | + | ||
| 80 | + | <code> | |
| 81 | + | ||
| 82 | + | -FuC:\Develop\FPC\pp\units\$FPCTARGET* | |
| 83 | + | ||
| 84 | + | #ifdef android | |
| 85 | + | #ifdef cpuarm | |
| 86 | + | -FlC:\Program Files\Android SDK\android-ndk-r8d\platforms\android-14\arch-arm\usr\lib | |
| 87 | + | #endif | |
| 88 | + | #ifdef cpu386 | |
| 89 | + | -FlC:\Program Files\Android SDK\android-ndk-r8d\platforms\android-14\arch-x86\usr\lib | |
| 90 | + | #endif | |
| 91 | + | #endif | |
| 92 | + | ||
| 93 | + | </code> | |
| 94 | + | ||
| 95 | + | # Compiling programs | |
| 96 | + | ||
| 97 | + | Now, when the cross-compiler is ready, you can compile programs for the Android target: <code> | |
| 98 | + | ||
| 99 | + | `C:\Develop\FPC\pp\bin\i386-win32\ppcrossarm -Tandroid testprog.pas` | |
| 100 | + | ||
| 101 | + | </code> | |
| 102 | + | ||
| 103 | + | # Notas | |
| 104 | + | ||
| 105 | + | - El compilador **NO define** **`LINUX`** durante la compilación! It defines **`UNIX`** and **`ANDROID`** though.\ | |
| 106 | + | (Background: Android is not completely Linux compatible, e.g. a few syscalls and default library functions e.g. in pthreads, ... are missing, and it generally behaves different in a few ways. This makes the amount of defines manageable by avoiding `if defined(linux) and not defined(android)`. Actualmente el listado de cosas que son diferentes está solamente aumentando). | |
| 107 | + | ||
| 108 | + | - Shared libraries do not have **`argc/argv`** available (i.e. establecer a 0 o nil) debido a Android. | |
| 109 | + | ||
| 110 | + | - La selección de paquetes compilados viene mayoritariamente dada por que librerias vienen incorporadas por defecto con Android, i.e. no muchas. | |
| 111 | + | ||
| 112 | + | - **\[trunk\]** La unit **System** contiene algunas funciones útiles específicas de Android [funciones útiles específicas de Android](http://svn.freepascal.org/cgi-bin/viewvc.cgi/trunk/rtl/android/sysandroidh.inc?view=markup). | |
| 113 | + | ||
| 114 | + | - **\[trunk\]** El compilador y la RTL realizan procesamiento especial para librerias compartidas JNI. El compilador trata una librería como del tipo JNI solamente si dicha librería exporta la función **`JNI_OnLoad`**. POr tanto, si estás creando una librería compartida JNI, entonces siempre exporta `JNI_OnLoad`, incluso si está vacía. | |
| 115 | + | ||
| 116 | + | - **\[trunk\]** Para librerias compartidas tipo JNI las salidas estandar y de error se redireccionan al log de sistema de Android. Por tanto se puede utilizar `writeln()` para escribir en el log del sistema. | |
| 117 | + | ||
| 118 | + | # Known issues | |
| 119 | + | ||
| 120 | + | - Shared libraries compiled with FPC 3.0 does not work on Android 6.0+ and executables does not run on Android 5.0+. Starting from Android 6.0 (Marshmallow), it is required to build PIC compatible shared libraries. Starting from Android 5.0 (Lollipop), it is required to build PIC compatible executables (PIE).<span style="color:green">**\ | |
| 121 | + | PIC support for the Android target is present starting from FPC 3.0.2.**</span>\ | |
| 122 | + | NOTE: By default FPC 3.0.2+ builds PIC enabled shared libraries and executables for the Android target. PIC shared libraries work on any Android version (tested even on Android 1.5). But PIC executables can run only on Android 4.1+. To run executables on older versions of Android you need to disable PIC by passing the `-Cg-` switch to the compiler. | |
| 123 | + | - If you use the **cwstring** unit in a JNI shared library, your Java application will hang when loading the library on Android 4.0 or earlier. This also applies to any unit which dynamically loads shared libraries during initialization. See more information below.\ | |
| 124 | + | <span style="color:green">**This issue is fixed in FPC 3.1.1 (development version).**</span> | |
| 125 | + | - The **clocale** unit is not implemented in FPC 3.0.\ | |
| 126 | + | <span style="color:green">**It is implemented in FPC 3.1.1 (development version).**</span> | |
| 127 | + | - The **netdb** unit is unusable in FPC 3.0 due to missing configuration of DNS servers.\ | |
| 128 | + | <span style="color:green">**This issue is fixed in FPC 3.1.1 (development version).**</span> | |
| 129 | + | - The `Now` function always returns a GMT time in FPC 3.0.\ | |
| 130 | + | <span style="color:green">**This issue is fixed in FPC 3.1.1 (development version).**</span> | |
| 131 | + | - The following functions return unusable paths in FPC 3.0: `GetTempDir, GetAppConfigDir, GetAppConfigFile, GetUserDir`.\ | |
| 132 | + | <span style="color:green">**This issue is fixed in FPC 3.1.1 (development version).**</span> | |
| 133 | + | ||
| 134 | + | ## Freeze during shared library initialization on Android prior 4.1 | |
| 135 | + | ||
| 136 | + | If your shared library contains a unit which performs dynamic loading of other shared libraries using `LoadLibaray()` or `dlopen()`, your library may fail to load on Android 4.0 or earlier. The library loading will freeze in such case. One of the units, which can trigger the issue is **cwstring**. | |
| 137 | + | ||
| 138 | + | Due to a bug in Android versions prior to 4.1, the `dlopen()` API function does not support recursive calls. When a shared library is being loaded by JVM, using `dlopen()`, the library initialization is executed, including initialization code of all units in the library. If a unit initialization code calls `dlopen()` - it simply hangs, since the initial `dlopen()` is not finished yet and recursion is not allowed. | |
| 139 | + | ||
| 140 | + | <span style="color:green">**This issue is fixed in FPC 3.1.1 (development version).**</span>: To workaround this issue the compiler uses the following trick: If a library exports `JNI_OnLoad()`, then no unit initialization is performed during library load. The initialization is called when JVM has loaded the library and then calls `JNI_OnLoad()`. | |
| 141 | + | ||
| 142 | + | Therefore, if you are creating a JNI shared library, always export `JNI_OnLoad`, even if it is empty. | |
| 143 | + | ||
| 144 | + | Also you can trigger this bug if you have a JNI shared library, which use other shared library, created using FPC. The loading of this second library may hang. To workaround this, you need to export an empty `JNI_OnLoad()` function in the second library. Then you need to call `JNI_OnLoad()` from the initialization of the first library. | |
| 145 | + | ||
| 146 | + | # See also | |
| 147 | + | ||
| 148 | + | - [[Android tutorial]] | |
| 149 | + | - You can use the [[pas2jni]] utility to easily create JNI shared libraries from your existing code and use it in Android native Java applications. | |
| 150 | + | ||
| 151 | + | # External Links | |
| 152 | + | ||
| 153 | + | - [Tutorial "Lazarus and Android"](http://sourceforge.net/projects/laztoapk/files/Lazarus%20and%20Android.pdf/download) (PDF file) | |
| 154 | + | ||
| 155 | + | --- | |
| 156 | + | *From the Free Pascal wiki, page "Android/es", as it stood on 2017-03-02 after a change by FTurtle, out of the wiki's dump of 2024-05-26. Copyright stays with the author who wrote it, according to the old wiki's [[Licensing]] page. If you have concerns about this material, [message the admin](/wiki-contact).* |