AVR: what changed
Revision 0 to 1. Removed lines have a minus sign; added lines have a plus sign.
Title: AVR
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| 1 | + | > **Warning:** The FPC-AVR port is experimental and might be broken from time to time. If this is the case, please fill a [bug report](http://bugs.freepascal.org) | |
| 2 | + | ||
| 3 | + | **FPC-AVR** is the [[FPC|Free Pascal Compiler]] port for the AVR microcontroller. It uses the GCC AVR tool chain and will be compatible with GCC regarding calling conventions etc. | |
| 4 | + | ||
| 5 | + | For instructions on how to program AVR's with Free Pascal, see the article [[AVR Programming]]. | |
| 6 | + | ||
| 7 | + | ## Implementation details | |
| 8 | + | ||
| 9 | + | FPC considers AVR to be a 16 bit CPU. So the type TRegister actually describes a register pair with the second register implicitly named. | |
| 10 | + | ||
| 11 | + | ## Building cross-compiler | |
| 12 | + | ||
| 13 | + | There are some requirements, you should know about: | |
| 14 | + | ||
| 15 | + | - You should use the latest Free Pascal sources as there is the most recent support for more controllers. | |
| 16 | + | - Binutils for avr target | |
| 17 | + | - Microchip (previously Atmel) provides bintuils binaries for Linux, macOS (Darwin) and Windows.\ | |
| 18 | + | [Download](https://www.microchip.com/mplab/avr-support/avr-and-arm-toolchains-c-compilers) using the appropriate link for your operating system\] | |
| 19 | + | - On a Linux host, you may either install binutils for the avr target from your distribution or use also the binaries provided by Microchip (previously Atmel). | |
| 20 | + | - You may also use the binutils distributed with the Arduino IDE; on Windows they are installed to eg C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\tools\avr\avr\bin | |
| 21 | + | - Keep in mind that the Free Pascal Compiler will search for eg avr-embedded-as. So you must either rename the binary files, create symlinks (on Linux only) or adjust command line switch -XP\<prefix\> for FPC. | |
| 22 | + | - You may need to set FPC's command line switch -FD\<directory with binutils\> | |
| 23 | + | - Latest *stable* Free Pascal Compiler. | |
| 24 | + | ||
| 25 | + | Then you can build your cross compiler. Please choose SUBARCH according to your Arduino board / AVR microcontroller. | |
| 26 | + | ||
| 27 | + | ``` bash | |
| 28 | + | make buildbase installbase CPU_TARGET=avr OS_TARGET=embedded SUBARCH=avr5 CROSSINSTALL=1 INSTALL_PREFIX=~/fpc NOGDB=1 PP=/usr/bin/fpc CROSSBINDIR=/usr/avr/bin | |
| 29 | + | ``` | |
| 30 | + | ||
| 31 | + | You may also set the binutils prefix for this (equivalent to the **-XP** switch) | |
| 32 | + | ||
| 33 | + | ``` bash | |
| 34 | + | make buildbase installbase CPU_TARGET=avr OS_TARGET=embedded SUBARCH=avr5 CROSSINSTALL=1 INSTALL_PREFIX=~/fpc NOGDB=1 PP=/usr/bin/fpc CROSSBINDIR=/usr/avr/bin BINUTILSPREFIX=avr- | |
| 35 | + | ``` | |
| 36 | + | ||
| 37 | + | The instructions above is good if only one subarchitecture is required. To install several subarchitectures, a unique unit install prefix needs to be specified for each subarchitecture using **INSTALL_UNITPREFIX**: | |
| 38 | + | ||
| 39 | + | ``` bash | |
| 40 | + | make buildbase installbase CPU_TARGET=avr OS_TARGET=embedded CROSSINSTALL=1 NOGDB=1 FPC=/usr/bin/fpc CROSSBINDIR=/usr/avr/bin BINUTILSPREFIX=avr- INSTALL_PREFIX=~/fpc INSTALL_UNITPREFIX=~/fpc/lib/fpc/3.2.2/units/avr-embedded/avr5 SUBARCH=avr5 | |
| 41 | + | ``` | |
| 42 | + | ||
| 43 | + | Remember to change both **SUBARCH** and **INSTALL_UNITPREFIX** when building a different subarchitecture. | |
| 44 | + | ||
| 45 | + | Together with this change, the fpc.cfg file paths needs to be updated to find units in this new structure. Below is an example of updating the unit specific search paths in fpc.cfg: | |
| 46 | + | ||
| 47 | + | ```text | |
| 48 | + | # searchpath for units and other system dependent things | |
| 49 | + | #IFDEF EMBEDDED | |
| 50 | + | -Fu~/fpc/lib/fpc/$fpcversion/units/$fpctarget/$fpcsubarch | |
| 51 | + | -Fu~/fpc/lib/fpc/$fpcversion/units/$fpctarget/$fpcsubarch/* | |
| 52 | + | -Fu~/fpc/lib/fpc/$fpcversion/units/$fpctarget/$fpcsubarch/rtl | |
| 53 | + | #ELSE | |
| 54 | + | -Fu~/fpc/lib/fpc/$fpcversion/units/$fpctarget/* | |
| 55 | + | -Fu~/fpc/lib/fpc/$fpcversion/units/$fpctarget/rtl | |
| 56 | + | #ENDIF | |
| 57 | + | ``` | |
| 58 | + | ||
| 59 | + | Adapt paths as required. | |
| 60 | + | ||
| 61 | + | ## Subarchitecture | |
| 62 | + | ||
| 63 | + | The operating system target *embedded* requires that you specify a subarchitectures when building a cross compiler. The subarchitectures are compatible with the ones used by GCC. | |
| 64 | + | ||
| 65 | + | ## Resources | |
| 66 | + | ||
| 67 | + | - [Atmel Studio 7](https://www.microchip.com/mplab/avr-support/atmel-studio-7) | |
| 68 | + | - [Downloads Archive for AVR tools](https://www.microchip.com/mplab/avr-support/avr-and-sam-downloads-archive) | |
| 69 | + | - [General information about Atmel AVR in Wikipedia](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmel_AVR) | |
| 70 | + | - [Calling conventions](http://www.nongnu.org/avr-libc/user-manual/FAQ.html#faq_reg_usage) | |
| 71 | + | - [list of subarchitectures](http://www.nongnu.org/avr-libc/user-manual/using_tools.html) | |
| 72 | + | - [Discussion on lazarusforum.de (German)](http://www.lazarusforum.de/viewtopic.php?f=9&t=5444&start=30) | |
| 73 | + | - [[AVR Programming]] | |
| 74 | + | - [[Arduino]] | |
| 75 | + | - [[AVR Embedded Tutorial|AVR Embedded Tutorials]] - Tutorials with code examples | |
| 76 | + | ||
| 77 | + | --- | |
| 78 | + | *From the Free Pascal wiki, page "AVR", as it stood on 2021-12-26 after a change by Ccrause, out of the wiki's dump of 2024-05-26. Copyright stays with the author who wrote it, according to the old wiki's [[Licensing]] page. If you have concerns about this material, [message the admin](/wiki-contact).* |