I'm not sure to what extent this is common knowledge, but while looking around for something else I came across
http://people.cs.clemson.edu/~mark/s1.html which includes quotes from Richard Stallman about how he started off with a Pascal compiler from Lawrence Livermore Lab when writing GCC. This is possibly the most interesting bit:
"I didn't really know much about optimizing compilers at the time, because I'd never worked on one. But I got my hands on a compiler, that I was told at the time was free. It was a compiler called PASTEL, which the authors say means ``off-color PASCAL''.
"Pastel was a very complicated language including features such as parametrized types and explicit type parameters and many complicated things. The compiler was of course written in this language, and had many complicated features to optimize the use of these things. For example: the type ``string'' in that language was a parameterized type; you could say ``string(n)'' if you wanted a string of a particular length; you could also just say ``string'', and the parameter would be determined from the context. Now, strings are very important, and it is necessary for a lot of constructs that use them to run fast, and this means that they had to have a lot of features to detect such things as: when the declared length of a string is an argument that is known to be constant throughout the function, to save to save the value and optimize the code they're going to produce, many complicated things. But I did get to see in this compiler how to do automatic register allocation, and some ideas about how to handle different sorts of machines."
